Customer Service in Leisure and Recreation Essay

The Importance of Customer Service Increased sales are one of the key ways to tell how well the company is doing. Excellent customer service means customers will buy more and recommend more products and services other people, which will add to the increase in sales. While sales are very important to leisure and recreation organisations, another way to measure the success is in terms of customer numbers, which is particularly true for non-profit making organisations. Customer service plays a major role in attracting new customers and the main source of this is the powerful influence of word of mouth. Existing customers who are impressed by the customer service at an organisation will tell other people about it. This means that an organisation keeps its existing customers as well as gaining new ones. An effective customer service policy is that customers will view the organisation in a positive way. This means the image of the organisation will be enhanced by the standard of customer service. Having a good public image is very important for: * Attracting new customers * Retaining existing customers * Reinforcing customer satisfaction * Securing repeat business * Gaining an edge over the competition An organisations public image is the mental picture that we have of the organisation. This can be based on our own experience, what others have told us about it or on what the organisation itself has told us about via its marketing activities such as advertising and public relations. Read more:Â  Recreational Activity Example Television programmes such as Watchdog also help us for an image in our heads, especially when they start reporting viewer’s complaints. This could have a very bad effect on the organisation. Good customer service can also enhance the image of an organisations individual products or services. For example, customers may have a positive image of a sports centre, but also have a positive image of the individual products and services such as the reservations system and changing facilities. Good customer service gives an organisation a competitive advantage. If you sell a similar product or service, you gain an edge by offering a better quality service and this gives a greater chance of attracting customers. A pleasant working environment is another benefit of good customer service. If customers receive good customer service, they will respond in a friendly and appreciative manner. Customer satisfaction is extremely important in a business and this means the organisation must meet the needs and expectations of the customers. Customer loyalty is very important in a business and good customer service helps reinforce customers loyalty to the organisation with every visit they make. If customers are loyal, they are likely to return and these people are known as repeat customers. This means the customers of the past become the customers of the future. If an organisation has poor customer service, they will suffer from: * Decreased sales * Fewer customers * A poor public image * An absence of competitive edge * An unhappy and less efficient workforce * Dissatisfied customers * Lack of customer loyalty and repeat business Personal Presentation The first impression the customer gets of personal presentation is very important as it is one they will never forget. It directly influences customers’ satisfaction and the image they have of the organisation. Personal presentation includes appearance, personal hygiene, personality and attitude. Appearance covers everything from clothes and footwear, to hair, make-up and jewellery. The reasons for providing staff with a uniform are: * It helps create a positive first impression * Staff are recognised instantly as working for a specific organisation * It is easy to identify a member of staff when a customer needs advice or assistance * It can indicate the department in which a member of staff works * It helps to create a professional corporate image A lot of organisations now provide their employees with a uniform. Organisations rely on their employees judgement for deciding what is and is not acceptable in terms of appearance. Some organisations set ground rules and to a large extent, this reflects the nature of the organisation and the type of customer it serves. For example, a five star hotel will be very strict with the dress code of the employees who work at the front-of-house. They will be required to wear a uniform and it may also include rules on footwear, hairstyling and make-up. The most important point is to make sure that dress and general appearance suit the job, the organisation and the customer’s expectations. On the other hand, the organisation should make sure that the uniform is comfortable, easy to maintain and look appropriate for staff of all builds. Anyone serving customers should have excellent standards of personal hygiene. Different types of organisations will have different standards of personal hygiene, for example, anyone who works in the food industry will be expected to wash their hands at least a dozen times a day. First impressions also come from the employees own personality. Again, different jobs require different personalities. A children’s sport coach will require a different personality to a personal fitness instructor because they are working with different types of people. From the personality of the employee, people can tell a lot about the organisation itself. The employee’s attitude towards the customer is critical. The customers feel that they want as much attention as possible when they go into a workplace and if an employees attitude is poor, they may feel neglected and not wanted. Types of Customers Customers have different needs depending on who they are and the circumstances. There is a difference between internal and external customers. Internal customers are members of staff or outside suppliers who contribute towards the service provided for the external customers. External customers are the people who actually buy or use the organisation’s products and services. External customers are then categorised into individual, group, age, culture, language spoken and specific needs. Many leisure and recreation providers serve groups and the individuals who compromise them in ways that enhance and promote customer service. Customer age groups are classified as children and adults. Although the companies feel the age of the customers is important, they also feel it is important not to make assumptions about customers’ needs based solely on age. Cultural background influences people’s traditions, tastes, preferences and opinions and it will therefore influence the type of service they need and expect. It is also important not to make assumptions on the culture of the customer. Foreign visitors are an increasingly important part of the UK tourism market. People still want to feel that they can be dealt with even though there is a language barrier. Large organisations often employ multi-lingual staff to communicate with non-English speaking customers. Some customers have specific needs that may require special customer service in addition to that provided to meet the general needs of everybody. These include sensory disabilities, mobility problems, literacy, dietary requirements and people with young children. Dealing with Customers Almost everyone working in the leisure and recreation industry has to deal with customers, whether be face-to-face, on the phone or in writing. Face-to-face communication has many advantages but only the staff use it well. For example, your presentation can help create a positive image. You can also use facial expressions and gestures to help communicate more effectively. Telephone communication is used in most leisure centres and it provides an essential part of customer service. Some organisations even use the telephone as the main method of dealing with the customers. For some organisations, written communication is the main way of keeping in touch with customers. Menus, tariffs or price lists and letters are all forms of written communication, along with bills, advertisements, notice boards, tickets, e-mails and timetables. Non-verbal communication comprises all forms of communication that are spoken or written down. 80% of communication is non-verbal, so it is clearly very important in customer service. Body language is the main form of non-verbal communication and people can tell how interested the staff are just by looking at them. Selling Skills Selling skills are an important part of customer service. Every time somebody asks for help, advice or information, it is probably a selling situation. As a member of staff, you should be helping customers a lot and to be able to do this effectively, you should have good knowledge of the products and services you are trying to sell. Customers can only buy products and services from an organisation if they know they exist, therefore raising customer awareness is a key part of selling skills Establishing rapport with the customer means encouraging a conservation in which the staff and the customer are both communicating on the same level. Within this category, you must also make the customer feel they have your undivided attention without being too over the top. The easiest way for staff to identify the customer’s needs is to ask if they need any help. From the reply, the staff will be able to decide what further questions to ask to identify the customer’s specific needs. Presenting the product or service to the customer in an appropriate way is important. For example, is someone wants to buy something but cannot afford it, then the staff should suggest something of a similar range but at a less expensive price. Closing the sale means actually getting the customer to buy the product or service you are offering. Some people may wish to go away and think about the offer that has just been made and in this case, it is probably a good idea to reserve the product or service. Taking a customers payment is also included in closing a sale. This should be done cheerfully, politely, friendly and gratefully to make the customer feel that they have made the correct choice by buying this product or service from this store or centre. Customer service does not end when the customer hands over their money. This is known as after-sales service and sometimes this will be immediate such as asking the customer of they have enjoyed their visit. Sometimes, if people subscribe to a gym for a year, they may need help in using the service after a couple of months. This is where after-sale service comes in useful. A technique known as AIDA is used in the design of advertising and promotional material and when considering effective selling skills. A stands for attention, I stands for interest, D stands for desire and A stands for action. If you use this technique, it will result in the customer desiring the product and therefore taking action by buying it.

12 Angry Men Analysis – 2

Nobody could forecast that a low budget movie with 12 different actors performing in one single room could affect in such a remarkable degree several sciences like law, business, psychology etc. The movie, based on the scenario that a 12 member jury group is about to decide through a certain procedure if a young boy is going to face the death penalty or not, can be linked with many theories referring to leadership or group/team work. Influenced by the Group Effectiveness Model of Schwarz (2002), the structure of the group along with the context and the process are vital for its effectiveness (Eirini Flouri & Yiannis Fitsakis 2007).In the first part of the film when the stage of forming, as it is claimed by the Tuckman’s Team Model, occurs, we notice the main characteristics of this group(David A. Buchanan & Andrej Huczynski, 2010). The group consists of 12 male middle aged white men probably coming from the middle class. Even from this first impression, admiring the effort of the film to achieve diversity, signs of prejudice appear. Specifically, the fact that all of them are men and moreover white men represents main biases of that period.Additionally, as it is mentioned to Sheldon’s Theory about the biases, the somatotype of each person declares in a certain way its character and this can be noticed by the selection of the characters and their match with the roles (Big guy is the tough one, smaller and thinner is the most innocuous, the handsome is the sensible and sensitive one etc. ) (David A. Buchanan & Andrej Huczynski, 2010). Despite the fact that the movie is trying to accuse such biases (which will be underlined later) certain ways of projection of that period could not be avoided.This is one of the reasons why in the remake of the film in 1997 black actors participated as well and later there even women were introduced in the team for certain theatrical versions. (Eirini Flouri & Yiannis Fitsakis 2007). The existence of a â€Å"one-offà ¢â‚¬  situation like this in the movie leaves space for less inhibition for conflicts. Moreover, specific factors like the size, the external-internal environment and the definition of the process play a crucial role in the structure of the group.Obviously, the size of this group is 12, but the question is: why so many? The reason is that by having a greater number of juries the system of justice achieves higher levels of democracy with less possibilities of getting unfair decisions combining the memory, the knowledge and the experience of each member and eliminates any prejudiced behaviors. On the other hand as Social Impact Theory mentions the more members there are, the less responsibility they feel (Latane and Nida, 1980).In the external environment we could enclose the time of the procedure, which is unlimited at first but with a deadline coming up afterwards, and the conditions of the place of action, which is characterized by the humidity and the high summer temperatures, th e broken air-conditioning, the unavailability of space. Such details could become the cause of stress, aggressiveness and as it was shown desire for fast result (just finish the procedure). In the internal environment issues like experience of previous similar situations, cultures, personalities, knowledge, mood, health, personal schedule and specialization could affect the result.Ending, a matter of significant importance is the definition of the procedure. In this case, we observe that after the release of the 2 alternatives there are 12 juries left. The juries have to decide if the boy is guilty or not guilty but there must be a full agreement (12 to 0) in each case; A democratic method which proves the importance of the situation. Alternatively, if they cannot reach an agreement they can decide a hung jury and then another trial will take place with different juries this time.The role of the foreman is usually for the most experienced person in this field or the first jury or fo r anyone who claims the desire and gets accepted by all. In the movie, juror1 supports this role setting the basic norms of the procedure. It is worth mentioning that nowadays, in the selection of the juries there is a specific procedure that is called â€Å"Voir Dire† procedure that clarifies the capability of the juries (Michael T. Nietzelt and Ronald C. Dillehayt 1982). Undoubtedly, the conviction of the biases of any kind is one of the main objects of this film. Primarily, in the first scheme, the judge seems really ninterested about the outcome and he seems to be sure about the result. The Halo Effect is â€Å"a judgment based on a single striking characteristic† and is being remarked in many cases during the film (Edward Thorndike, 1920). Moving to the main part of the film and the central procedure we can emphasize on the juror3 and juror10 who are the main representatives of such prejudiced behaviors. Both of them were trying to fill the gaps of their knowledge using selective attention in certain facts and their personal experience (â€Å"Principle of closure† by Max Wertheimer 1880-1943).Everyone has his stereotypes and if we imagine stereotypes as pictures in our head, jurors 3 and 10 have the image of a dangerous criminal for the defendant, raised to act in certain ways (Lippmann, 1922). More specifically, juror3 expresses, from his first lines in the film, his perception against the young boy (â€Å"I ‘d slap those kids before†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). But as the movie goes on, he expresses again and again his personal beliefs connecting them with his personal disappointment from his own son (â€Å" it’s these kids they are these day†, â€Å"I used to call my father Sir†).Even more he presents his cultural stereotype against the elderly (â€Å"How could he be positive about anything? †) Eventually, juror3 stands alone with his perceptions, believing in the boy’s guiltiness and through a psycholo gical outburst admits that all his statements were based on biases. Similarly, juror10 uses his own belief to create his racial prejudice against the defendant (â€Å"I‘ve expected that†, â€Å"You know what we are dealing with†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) as well as his past experiences (â€Å"I’ve lived with them†¦ they are born liars†).Adding to this, juror10 weights the value of the young boy less than the cost of a trial. Finally, his â€Å"explosion† made the apocalypse of his real personality and the group’s mechanism accused his behavior through a visual isolation and oral prohibition. The existence of biases in each group can create an unpleasant internal environment for each member and be the reason of conflicts. The productivity or the effectiveness of the group is in danger if such behaviors are being tolerated. Apart from the complexity which is created there is also a matter of fairness of the group’s function.As the movie flows, the influence of the group to each individual separately is obvious but a vice versa phenomenon is noticed as well. In this part, the different roles of the jurors and their influence on each other through the communication style of all-channel are being presented, as well as with some strategies followed by the leader-juror8. One thing that is common for most of the jurors is that they have common BATNA(Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) and this is the hung jury.However, this is not the case for jury8 claims that his only purpose is the delivery of the justice (Fisher and Uri, 1981). Starting with juror1 we can notice signs of leadership in the early beginning but he ends up being more like a manager, organizing the procedure. Excluding the moment he reaches his breaking point and suggests if anyone would like to take his place, juror1is the one who sets up the norms, accepts propositions, guides the conversation and the voting procedure, avoids conflicts and respects pr ivileges keeping a democratic way of thinking.Being the foreman can be characterized as the â€Å"co-ordinator† (Beldin’s Team Role Theory 1996, 2007). Many of the jurors (2, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12) seem to have low self-esteem not only because of their character but also because of the number of the team that forces them to get lost in the crowd or just finish the procedure and leave (â€Å"I just think he is guilty†, â€Å"Can I pass? †, etc) This is obvious from the first vote where only 5 of the 11 votes come directly and the rest are raised slowly just to avoid being pointed out.They are becoming followers(2, 5, 6 and 11) or entertainers (7) or just dreamers (12). Of course most of them are open to hear more and accept different opinions (2, 5, and 7). The rest just do not care so much about the result and these â€Å"free riders†, as Frohlich and Oppenheimer called them in 1970, are the proof that social loafing (or Ringelmann Effect) is a commo n phenomenon in big teams. The role of juror9 has a vital meaning for the outcome because he takes part in all the breaking points of the process.Firstly, he is the first supporter of juror8, secondly it is him who explains the old witness’s psychology (â€Å"Attention†) and lastly he is the fire starter for the fall of the woman’s testimony. The main opponents to the boy’s exoneration are jurors 3, 4 and 10. As was mentioned previously jurors 3 and 10 are mostly based on biases and stereotypes for children from slums. They are all concentrated on general facts and obvious details. The extensive use of loud voice is frequently the main argument of jurors 3 and 10, which could never strengthen their position.Alternatively, juror4 is using his logic and cleverness to support his facts and admits his fault proving his maturity, once he is convinced. Focusing on juror8 we can claim that he owns the position of the leader as his bargaining power is unique. Max Weber (1947) claimed that â€Å"bargaining power is the ability someone has to achieve his goals no matter of the resistance he faces†. Juror8 follows a series of strategies in order to be flexible and adapt to the needs of each occasion. In the beginning, as it is shown from Jo-Hari’s Window, everyone has a bigger unknown-black side, so juror8 wants to get information as an input.Eventually, he adopts the strategy of a listener in order to get knowledge from the others without revealing himself. Afterwards, in the first vote he stays neutral mentioning his points aiming to make some of the rest see the facts from a different angle avoiding any conflict. The brainstorming procedure just began. In order to wake up their consciousness he uses specific words like â€Å"maybe†, â€Å"supposing†, â€Å"possible† and â€Å"assume†. In the main part he listens carefully and argues with all the elements one by one. There is also an extensive use of rhetorical questions and irony just to make his point clear.The first action scheme is when he places the similar knife on the table. The leader breaks the law in order to prove his point. He becomes more active for the first time and gets the whole team upset. Eventually, he creates the first doubts. At this specific time he calls for a new vote. Apparently, the timing is not random. Probably he recognizes some voices like his and decides that it is time to set up a coalition strategy. He needs just one vote which will strengthen amazingly his arguments and he gets it.The fact that he uses his emotional intelligence to point out his views, while he realizes that some other jurors are playing, proves once again his leading abilities. The next step is to create personal relations with some of the jurors. So, he finds the weakest of the group who are about to change side and ask for their opinions. It is not by accident that these jurors were mainly followers until this time. Having established these connections, he uses logic and science as well as the experience and the knowledge of the group in order to persuade the others.As soon as he realizes that one of his main opponents (juror3) loses his self-control, juror8 becomes aggressive and pushes him to the limits using the technique of the irony to apocalypse the existence of his personal prejudice against the defendant. After completing his task, he shows his sympathetic character and supports the worried opponent. Based on Moscovici (1976) and his 5 Aspects juror8 is loyal to his beliefs(Consistency), responsible for his acts(Autonomy), flexible whenever it is appropriate(Rigidity), risky in the first secret vote(Investment) and willing to bring justice(Fairness).The impact of this movie in our modern times is initially proved by the fact that after so many years it is still being taught in courses not only in Law schools but also in Business and Psychology schools. Definitions like brainstorming, social lo afing, diversity, team-working, biases and preconceptions, attribution, personality, leader’s abilities, democratic voting and many others are part of any organization nowadays. This movie is the omen for the evolutionary development of a team structure, a team-worker’s behavior and a leader’s characteristics. References Atkinson G. 1990 â€Å"Negotiate the best deal† Director Books, Cambridge Barkan, Steven E. , & Steven Cohn, 1994, ‘‘Racial Prejudice and Support for the Death Penalty by Whites’’ in â€Å"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency† pp. 202–209 Buchanan A. David & Huczynski A. Andrej, 2010, â€Å"Organizational Behaviour†, seventh edition, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow Cialdini R. B. , 1993 â€Å"The psychology of persuasion†, Quill William Morrow, New York Ellsworth C. Phoebe, 1989, â€Å"Are Twelve Heads Better Than One? † in â€Å"Law and Contemporary Problems†, Duke University School of Law Fisher R. & Ury W. 1981 â€Å"Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without gining in† Penguin, New York Flouri Eirini & Fitsakis Yiannis, Oct 2007, â€Å"Minority Matters: 12 Angry Men as a Case study of a successful Negotiation against the odds† in â€Å"Negotitation Journal† pp. 449-461 Hackley Susan, 2007 â€Å"One Reasonable and Inquiring Man:12 Angry Men as a Negotiation-Teaching Tool† in â€Å"Negotiation Journal† pp. 463-468 Hall & M. Eisenstein (Eds. ), 1980, â€Å"Voir Dire and jury selection†, Clark. B. M. , in â€Å"Criminal Defense Techniques†, New York: Mathew Bender Hay B. L. 2007 â€Å"Fiftieth anniversary 12 Angry Men† Kent-Law Review 82(3) Chicago Heuer L. Penrodt St. , Sep. 1988, â€Å"Increasing Jurors' Participation in Trials A Field Experiment with Jury Notetaking and Question Asking† in â€Å"Law and Human Behaviour† Vol. 12 No. 3 Janis I. , 1972 â€Å"Victims of groupthink† MA: Houghton Mifflin, Oxford Kaplan M. , Jones & Christopher S. , 2003 â€Å"The Effects of Racially Stereotypical Crimes on Juror Decision-Making and Information –Processing Strategies† in â€Å"Basic and Applied Social Psychology† pp. 1-13 Kew J. & Stredwick J. , 2010, â€Å"Human Resource Management in a business context†, CIPD, London Martin R. , 1992 â€Å"Bargaining Power† Clarendon Press, OxfordMoscovici S. , 1976 â€Å"Social influence and social change† Academic, London Nietzelt T. Michael & Dillehayt C. Ronald, 1982, â€Å"The Effects of Variations in Voir Dire Procedures in Capital Murder Trials†, in â€Å"Law and Human Behaviour† Vol. 6 No. 1 Rojot J. , 1991 â€Å"Negotiatation: From theory to practice† Macmillan, London Scheepers, Daan, et al, 2006, ‘‘Diversity in In-Group Bias: Structural Factors, Situational Features, and Social Functions,’’ in â€Å"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology† pp. 944–960 Weber M. , 1947 The theory of social and economic organization† Oxford University Press, New York

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Qualitative design and the other using a quantitative design Research Paper

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Describe and evaluate psychological theories of human motivation Essay - 1

Describe and evaluate psychological theories of human motivation - Essay Example All the stages involved are also discussed as analysed in the theories. This paper gives a detailed discussion of the three theories of human motivation. It discusses the classical theories of motivation and how they are applicable to various businesses. The final section of this paper gives the limitations of using these theories in operation of businesses. A brief comparison between these theories is given by looking at their applications (Jones, et al., 1998, pp.370-398). It also gives insight on how human beings are motivated towards making certain decisions. The theories give an analysis of how several factors influence and motivate individuals to making various decisions. They explain how both favourable and hostile factors drive individuals into reasoning and acting in a given circumstance to satisfy their needs (Thil, et al., 2003, pp.435-465). Motivation is considered as a process by which a person initiates and through personal guidance gets to maintain goal driven behaviours. It is normally the desire for any person to do a given thing and usually with personal reasons. This enables one to focus towards achieving certain goals. Human motivation is normally driven by the urge of satisfying the most pressing needs or wants depending to the various stages of life one is at. One also may be motivated by his surroundings, work being conducted and responsibilities invested in him. Motivation could be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is a result of special interests of a person and things he enjoys doing. In this condition the actions that results from this motivation are not as a result of external pressure. This situation happens when an individual has total control in that he is sure and has appropriate skills to accomplish his goals. Extrinsic motivation is a result of external factors which directs ones activi ties towards a particular reward. They are not within

Courtroom and the Jurisdiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Courtroom and the Jurisdiction - Essay Example Federal courts have limited jurisdiction. They can only hear cases falling within the area or scope defined by the Constitution of the United States or the federal statutes. The writer has chosen the bombing case at Boston Marathon where Dzhokhar Tsarnaev murdered three people and injured over 250 people after detonating a bomb during the Boston Marathon in 2013. Concerning jurisdiction and seriousness of the crime, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was charged in a federal court rather than state courts of Massachusetts. Dzhokhar was charged with thirty counts including maliciously damaging and destroying property with an explosive device, and conspiring to use a mass destruction weapon. The federal government can prosecute cases that fall within the federal jurisdiction. United States attorneys may decide to prosecute their cases concurrently with state crimes prosecution, or they may choose to prosecute from the state courts (Index to Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2008). In the case of Tsarnaev, federal prosecutors give importance to death sentencing. This may have been the only reason that the feds took over the state’s authority and why Dzhokhar underwent trial in the federal court rather than state court. A death penalty is prohibited in some states in the U.S. Several high profile cases recently have shown that innocent defendants sometimes plead guilty. More shocking is that in most of these cases, the defendant is known to be innocent or that people suspect his innocence at the time of entering the plea. On 19 August 2011, Damien Echols, Jessie Misskelley and Jason Baldwin were released from prison almost 18 years after they were arrested in relation to murders of three 8-year-old boys in West Memphis. Their freedom came at a cost of pleading guilty to crimes they did not commit. The plea bargain secured their freedom, but the three men will be considered as convicted murderers (Hemmens, 2009).  

Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Depression - Essay Example More detailed definitions of the term give a little more sense of the depth of emotion the term indicates. Another Merriam-Webster definition goes deeper by describing depression as â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies† (2009). The tendency to define the condition based on how it makes a person feels is echoed in Medline but Medline adds that these feelings must be experienced for an extended period of time. But everyone has a tendency to feel some or even all of these feelings at some point during their day or week, so what makes the depressed person different from everyone else? Trying to understand what is really meant by the term depression becomes more confusing when it is understood that there are several different types of depression. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, there are at least five different types of depression. Major depressive disorder, or major depression, is what is commonly defined in the dictionary in terms of the symptoms a person might experience. More than just sadness, though, â€Å"major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally† (NIMH, 2009). The other kinds of depression all fall under the heading of dysthymic disorder which is not considered to be disabling, but is considered long-term, which NIMH defines as two years or more. These include psychotic depression, postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder. Psychotic depression is like regular depression but includes the person developing hallucinations, delusions or breaking from reality. Postpartum depression ha ppens within the first month after giving birth and seasonal affective disorder occurs during the winter months when there is less

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 14

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example Whereas when yellow is used in the background color it is an indication of warning signs and school signs. And at the same time orange is used in background to indicate construction and maintenance warnings. However, where orange is used in the warning signs  fluorescent red- orange or fluorescent yellow-orange colors  may be used (Osha.gov, 2015). This is because these shades of orange provide higher conspicuity than the standard shade of orange especially at twilight (Osha.gov, 2015). Conclusively it can be said that these colors also have an automatic indication in the minds of the people. Red color immediately catches attention and indicates that something is wrong (Osha.gov, 2015). Yellow on the other hand is a light color and is also used in a similar way, guiding people who are on their way to school and ignored by others (Osha.gov, 2015). Whereas orange also helps in grabbing attention but does not alerts the audience, however indicates that the service is currently not available due to construction or maintenance in progress (Osha.gov,

Innocent Love Leading to Madness Essay Example for Free

Innocent Love Leading to Madness Essay Within Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, and in Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the authors show how the themes love and madness, as in good and evil, can intersect. Toni Morrison shows that through the relationship between Hagar and Milkman, while Shakespeare uses the innocent Ophelia, who is deeply in love with Hamlet. In the book Song of Solomon and the play Hamlet, Tony Morrison and Shakespeare respectively, portray the kind of love that eventually leads to madness. The love between Ophelia and Hamlet, as well as between Hagar and Milkman is from the beginning pure love. The letter, which Hamlet writes to Ophelia, shows that he really loves her: the most beautified Ophelia (II, iii). He used the word beautified to display a sincere tribute and it is obvious that he loves her. In Song of Solomon, feeling starts to arise between Milkman and Hagar very early. Already when Hagar was to take in two baskets from the porch, it seemed to Milkman that she was as pretty a girl as hed ever seen (p. 45). This attraction that later led to a relationship between them was one of the reason for Hagars incurable madness. As stated so far, the roots for madness was love. Although what it arose from, was the rejection from a beloved. In Hamlet, Hamlet himself rejects Ophelia as a result of his faked madness. This, together with happenings such as her fathers death, leads to a true madness. When Ophelia talks about Valentines Day, she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. The madness caused by Hamlets faked rejection, lead to her suicide later in the play. In Song of Solomon, Milkman grows tired of Hagar, and puts an end to their relationship. It leads to insanity, here also caused by rejection from a beloved. When she realises that she will not get what she asks for, she makes several attempts of murdering him instead, with a frightened Milkman as a result. The authors characterise the devastating, but to the works important side effects that may arise when madness originates from love. In Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison combines love and madness to form a single image in the figure of the jilted lover Hagar, who ritualistically attempts to murder the object of her adoration, Milkman. The enormous passion for Milkman is shown when Guitar tries to speak with Hagar: You think because he doesnt love you that you are worthless (p. 305), but with a taciturn response. Hagars death toward the end of the novel, caused by a fever symbolises and seems to stem from the heart that Milkman broke. In Hamlet, Shakespeare leaves Ophelia with her fatal madness caused by Hamlets rejection. Hamlet managed to rise above insanity and feelings of suicide, but Ophelias weaker spirit could not hold the burden. Conflicts between good and evil are often portrayed in literature, since the subject is so timeless. This conflict is a part of peoples lives constantly, no matter what century. It exists just as much in Hamlet, which was written in the 16th century, as it does in Song of Solomon, written in the 1970s. The conflict between good and evil, love and madness; who can really draw the lines? Good and evil, in this work portrayed by love and madness, are constantly reoccurring themes that affect the reader. The madness often is a result of rejection from a beloved. Hamlet and Ophelia in Hamlet portray the themes, where Ophelia later becomes mad, due to Hamlets rejection. In Song of Solomon, Milkmans rejection leads to the grave madness of Hagar. Both cases show how love can lead to something as terrible as death.

Buoyancy of an Orange: Analysis

Buoyancy of an Orange: Analysis Joseph Wong Brendan Mullins Nathan Shoemaker Mike Dorazio Abdul Aldualeg Guillermo Venancio Buoyancy is the upward force from the water needed to stay afloat. Since pressure increases with depth, there is a higher pressure and the bottom of the volume of fluid than the top. The pressure difference results in a net force that will accelerate an object upward. The magnitude of the force is proportional to the pressure difference and is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid, which is a property explained in Archimedes’ Principle. The first person to realize a concept that related to buoyant forces was Archimedes. Archimedes stated the basic concept of buoyant forces in his famous Archimedes’ Principle, which states that the weight of the fluid that anybody displaces when submerged either partially or fully, is equal to the buoyant force exerted on said body. This buoyant force is what allows any object to float on the surface of any liquid as long as the buoyant force is large enough of counter the weight of the object; otherwise, it will sink. A good example of this principle is a floating aircraft carrier. Although the ship is made out of heavy steel, it is constructed so that there is a large amount of open space in it to stay afloat. In addition, what determines whether the object is heavier than the buoyant force is its density. Density, by definition, is the mass of the object per unit volume that the object takes up and is denoted by the Greek letter Ï  (rho). Since the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object, if the submerged object is denser than the water, it will sink because it has a greater weight than the water displaced. In this experiment, we test this theory buy using a common orange. One can think of the peel of an orange like a life jacket that might keep you afloat while in the river. The density indicates how close the atoms of the object are packed together. In the case of an orange, the atoms of the peel are not packed near as closely as the actual fruit, causing it to float when the unpeeled orange is placed in the water. This project involves two oranges, weighing approximately 0.49 pounds each. When dropped in water, it can be observed that both oranges float when they are unpeeled. In an orange, the peel is a spongy material and has tiny pockets of air, which makes the density of orange less than the density of the water, in turn, causing it to float. When the second orange is peeled and dropped in water, it sinks to the bottom of the container. This simple experiment is a great way to demonstrate buoyancy and density. The orange is enclosed in a porous rind, which has a spongy look and feel and contains air pockets, which help to provide buoyancy to the floating orange. When the unpeeled orange is put into the water then the air pockets of the rind fill themselves with air, the submerged orange is activated as a life jacket, the orange is saved from drowning into the water, and it floats on the surface. The similar concept is used in the life jackets, which help the humans to stay afloat in the waters. All the people riding on the boats or travelling in the sea are educated and advised to have a Personal Floating Device (PFD) with them so that in case of emergencies they can be save d from any kind of mishap. It is very interesting to note here that most of the deaths that occur on the waters are not far away from the shore but they occur quite near the shore, on the inland waters within a radius of about a 50 m from the shore due to the sheer negligence of the swimmers because of their insistence on not wearing a life jacket. The thing to note here is that the efficiency and the coverage of the state on the waters is so amazing that the state does not allow any passenger on the waters to stay on board without a life jacket. There is an exemption to the passengers if they are staying in the cabin or any other closed place on a boat. The state offers a guidebook for the travelers and the passengers on the waters and it clearly states and advises the presence and wearing life jackets so no loss of any kind or any other harm can take place. So, what is in a life jacket that it has become a serious part of any passenger’s life that commences his trip on the waters? The life jacket provides the extra buoyancy needed for the person to stay afloat and save himself from drowning. The life jacket is filled with air on the inner side, which helps to control the relationship b/w the buoyant force and that of the person floating. It helps to carry the weight of the person floating above the water so that his or her weight does not become a serious concern and drowns the person. Gone are the times when one would have to wear inflated life jackets that were also heavy and bulky and were also a problem for the person to wear and be comfortable with it, with each passing day the scientists are very much concerned about the welfare and well-being of the people so they are developing new up to the mark jackets that are easy to wear, inflate themselves in water, are very comfortable with huge arm outlets to ease the movement in the waters. Nowadays one has to ensure the presence of different personal floating devices for different purposes i.e. for inland water use, for staying on board, for float purposes. The life jacket is not a fit for all object, it is to be chosen for people of different ages and sizes. It provides inflation according to the buoyant force needed for the person to stay afloat. One of the biggest advantages of having a life jacket is that it comes in shiny colors that are visible for the rescue staff and it is easier for them to save the drowning or in danger person. On board staff are advised to have some floating aid for the people drowning in the waters so that they can provide support to them in the hour of need and can save a human life with the instant aid. The state ensures that all the people must have some sort of floating aid and for that, the lifeguards as well as the coast guards are advised to ensure the usage of the life jackets and their presence on the boat. Caring about the life jacket is a very important part. The life jacket that is not in a good shape and is torn or have some cuts on it can be of great danger to the user as it can cause the drowning so the life jacket must be properly checked and it should be ensured that they work properly before someone takes a dive into the waters. The safety of the person depends a lot on the reliability of the device that is being employed to save the person from drowning. The basic thing needed for the proper use of the life jackets and their importance in saving the lives of many is conveying the proper education and information to the people on board and to those venturing the waters for any reason whatsoever. The lifeguards and the coast guards should give proper lessons to all the people around the waters. They should arrange a session for all the people that are new to the waters so that their lives can be saved by just a simple precaution of wearing a life jacket. It is easier to save so many just by educating them because every life matters. It can be summarized as the buoyant force generated in case of an orange residing on the surface of the water is basically given by the rind of the fruit which has air pockets and when the fruit is submerged into the water then air pockets are full and the necessary buoyant force is applicable to the weight of the orange and it stays afloat. Life jackets are a useful part of the people travelling on shore and it has to stay with them in the hour of need so that they can save themselves from any difficulty on staying above water or any other danger of drowning. There should be education concerning the proper use of the personal assistance device which helps is saving lives. In addition, the people associated with the business should be given proper instruction to ensure the use of the device. Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/water-sports/life-jacket1.htm http://www.ehow.com/info_12045878_science-projects-kids-floating-oranges.html

How Do You Define a Citizen? Essay -- Definition

How Do You Define a Citizen? Dictionary Library. Ottenheimer Publishers, Inc., 1966 ed. Citizen - An inhabitant of a city; a member of a state; having the rights and duties of a citizen. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition. The World Publishing Company, 1962 ed. Citizen - An inhabitant of a city or (often) of a town; esp. one possessing civic rights and privileges, to burgess or freeman of a city.   Ã‚  1. formerly, a native or inhabitant, especially a freeman or burgess, of a town or city; hence,   Ã‚  2. loosely, a native, inhabitant, or denizen of any place.   Ã‚  3. a member of a state or nation, especially one with a republican form of government, who gives allegiance to it by birth or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  naturalization and is entitled to full civil rights;   Ã‚  4. a civilian, as distinguished from a person in military service, a policeman, etc. Oxford English Dictionary. Claredon Press, 1989 Citizen - 1. An inhabitant of a city or (often) of a town; esp. one possessing civic rights and privileges, a burgess or freeman of a city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a citizen is something most people don’t think about. In many countries citizenship is only a matter of nationality; they were born in a certain country and therefore belong to that country. They may be forced to defend it, but they may not get any special rights because of it. We in the United States are lucky in that citizenship here includes rights such as voting and running for office. Citizenship is something very important that we take for granted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a citizen?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word, "citizen" comes from the word "city." The Oxford English dictionary’s definition seems to be the original one, an inhabitant of a city. Webster’s dictionary ... ...s, usually on or around the fourth of July. As citizens of this country we are entitled to all the rights that are listed in the Constitution, yet many people are not even aware of what those rights are. Jay Leno interviewed people on the street one night and asked them simple questions about our government (number of senators, representatives, etc.). Most of them couldn’t give the correct answers. We need a lot more education about what it means to be a U.S. citizen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, a word that began as a description of a person who lives in a city has grown to mean a person who also lives in a state, in a country, and in the world. In addition, it includes all the rights, privileges, and duties that this person has as a citizen, especially if he lives in a republic. Even though we seldom think about it, being a citizen is one of the most important parts of our lives.

Life Is Like The Movies :: essays research papers

Going to the movies is fun. You get your candy and your drink and are taken away into a fictional world for two or three hours, then leave the theater and get back to reality. But is what you're going back to really reality? Plato said no. In the "Allegory of the Cave" (chapter XXV) in the The Republic he proposes that we all live like people in a movie theater, only he uses prisoners in a cave to illustrate the situation. He creates an image of prisoners, chained down in a cave, so all they could see was shadows created by puppets in front of a fire on the cave wall. Their reality was merely the shadows and it is the same for us (as the common man.) According to Plato, our reality is nothing more than figurative "shadows." Everything in the cave can be attributed to a part of society. The fire can be equivocated to "unwisdom" (229) or even evil, and in society is created by the greed that some have for power over others. It is the driving force behind the entire scheme to misrepresent reality. By controlling what people believe is reality, they in turn gain control of the people by telling them what is true and what should be valued, which gives them the power they crave. The fire (greed) is necessary for the shadows to be cast, without it nothing at all could be seen. Without the fire, the puppeteers would have no purpose, no reason to hold the objects up at all. Without the greed for control, society's "puppeteers" would not have any desire to misrepresent reality. The puppeteers are the manipulators in society (the greedy people). People in a variety of different positions act as the puppeteers. Anyone who tries to skew reality for his or her own personal gain is a manipulator. Religious and business leaders, as well as politicians are all likely candidates for the role of the "puppeteers" because they often control people's realities. Religious leaders convince massive amounts of people that their ideas and their religion is reality. Business leaders use advertising campaigns to persuade people into believing their products are the best and will change their lives. Politicians often manipulate issues to make people see them their way. In conjunction with each other, all of these manipulative forces basically dictate society's values. These "puppeteers" take the objects and let their own greed (fire) distort them, so only a small portion of what is "real" is revealed (in the form of a "shadow").

City Ordinances and State Laws :: Expository Essays

City Ordinances and State Laws In the spirit of civic duty, I thought I'd inform you, the responsible citizen of Mount Vernon, of some of the important laws that we live by. Combining my copious amounts of free time with my love of the mundane, I dug through our city's ordinance code as well as state law to unearth some rules we all need to know about. First off, let it be known that many of these crimes come with penalties. State laws can carry heavy prison time while city ordinances come with fines up to $500. Bearing this serious business in mind, let us begin. We all know not to start fights or provoke violence, but there are other more important things to know about. For instance, never ever harass someone via a telegraph. Don't even think about it. In fact, don't "circulate a report or warning" of an epidemic, either. Imagine the pandemonium that could result if you convinced them that your incessant smoker's cough could spread syphilis. State law prohibits these things. Public nuisances, usually found in the city code, are my personal favorites. Do not, for goodness sake, keep flammable, "unreasonably" offensively smelling, "noisome," toxic or otherwise objectionable stuff on your lawn. Leaving exploded gas station burritos in your dorm microwave is OK. Furthermore, keeping diseased animals (even if they're tied up) or animal carcasses (even if they just look like they're asleep) is not just a bad idea; it's also against the law. The city's ordinances go to great lengths to protect our beloved streets and sidewalks and the inhabitants thereof. If you cannot find a safe sidewalk to walk or run on in Mount Vernon, you must stay on the left side of the road. No exceptions. Considering tying your sled to the back of a car and riding it around? Don't even think about it. Sled/car combinations are illegal. Thinking about building some kind of device to launch cantaloupes or other large melons at oncoming traffic? Forget it. Shooting things into the street is prohibited. In fact, simply obstructing a sidewalk is a serious offense. Leaving something like grass clippings or a car on a sidewalk is illegal. Waiting more than 48 hours to clear the sidewalk of snow or ice is illegal. Leaving an open flame or unspent fuel on a sidewalk is illegal too. If you encounter anyone committing these offenses, call the police immediately and tell them it is a critical emergency.

Mexican American Culture Essay

Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Another topic of discussion will be what I feel social workers need to know when working with my ethnic group. I will touch on Biases within the culture against other cultures and define one personal bias of my own. I will close my literature review with reflecting on what I have learned. Brief Mexican History The first Mexicans that became part of the United States did not have to cross any borders. Instead the borders crossed them. Spanish speaking people have lived in Northern provinces since the Spaniards colonized Mexico in the sixteenth century. They have always played an important role in the Continents culture and history. Mexico won its Independence from Spain in 1820. The War of Independence with Spain in 1820’s left Mexico with difficulty settling in its Northern provinces. A policy initiated by Spain that allowed Americans to settle in their regions, in effort to populate was continued by the Mexican government (King, 2000). However it backfired when Texas declared Independence from Mexico. Mexico felt betrayed by the Americans because they took advantage of their kindness and took over the state in 1845 (Skidmore, 228). The Mexican American War, 1846-1848, was driven by the idea of â€Å"Manifest Destiny;† which was the belief that Americans had the right to expand country borders from sea to sea. This principle has been a major political and religious rationalization in the United States, demanding assimilation, containment, or annihilation of everyone else in between and First Nations peoples and Mexican (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, p. 135). This angered Mexicans and Native Americans and caused disputes. President Polk was eager and did not stop until he confiscated large areas of land and sought war. Polk felt a war with Mexico would only prove profitable for the United States, so he enticed the Mexicans to attack. Once Mexico attacked, Polk claimed he had to defend the United States, for Mexico had invaded American territory. Polk’s unexpected election, slavery conflicts, and the Mexican war were all issues in American politics during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Of all the possible explanations for these problems, territorial expansion is the number one reason. The idea of Manifest Destiny split American politics more than any other factor up to the eighteen fifties. In 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo the Mexican American War came to an end. The signing of the treaty ended the territorial disputes that caused conflict between the countries. Mexicans were pronounced to be U. S Citizens and the treaty promised citizenship along with civil and property rights. The United States paid Mexico $15,000,000 in consideration of the extension acquired by the boundaries of the United States and agreed to pay American citizens debts owed to them by the Mexican Government. 1910 big groups of Mexicans crossed into the Southwestern United States. They were encouraged by the economic, social, and political movements of the Mexican Revolutionary years and the rise in industrial and agricultural employment in the United States. Arriving through both direct and indirect routes, Mexicans worked as unskilled and semiskilled laborers in agriculture[->0] and heavy industry (Figueroa, 1996). When the U. S joined World War II fear of shortage in agricultural field grew and we turned to Mexico for help through the Bracero Program, which allowed migrant Mexicans to temporarily work in U. S farms (Figueroa, 1996). The Bracero program brought over 5 million farm workers to work the fields of the United States. Underprivileged Mexicans fled their rural communities and traveled north to work as braceros. It was mainly by the Mexican hand that America became the most upmarket agricultural center in the world. Their arrival altered the social and economic environments of many border towns. Ciudad Juarez, across the border from El Paso, Texas, became a hotbed of recruitment and a main gathering point for the agricultural labor force (Bickerton, 2001). Current Population Demographics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010), the Mexican population is referred to as Hispanic or Latino, and refers to Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish cultures. 308. 7 million People lived in the United States in 2010, 16% were of Hispanic or Latino Origin. Increase in Hispanics from 35. 3 million in 2000 making 13% of the total population. Between 2000 and 2010 the Hispanic population increased by 15. 2 million, accounting for half of the 27. 3 million increase in the United States. 43% of the growth came from Hispanic population between 2000 and 2010 which was four times the growth in the total population at 10%. The growth in Hispanics varied by groups, Mexican Origin population increased by 54% and had the largest change growing from 20. 6 million in 2000 to 31. 8 million in 2010. They accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population. In 2010, 37. 6 million of Hispanics lived in the eight states; California (28%), Texas (18. 7%), Florida (8. 4%), New York (3. 1%), Illinois (4%), Arizona (3. 8%), New Jersey (3. 1%) and Colorado (2. 1%), and in all other states 25. 4%. The highest Proportion in any state was 46% of the total state population in New Mexico. Mexican Americans experience with Prejudice and discrimination Mexican Americans have been victims of discrimination throughout the history of the United States. A few degrading words that people use when referring to Mexicans are; Wetback, Spic, and Beaner, whether American or not. They also have many stereotypes against them such as lazy, machismos, drunks and many more. One of the main reasons they are discriminated against is because of their illegal immigration into the United States. Mexicans were left no choice but to cross illegally to seek a better life, because of the cost and many obstacles it made it difficult to become a citizen. Often they were forced to work physically demanding jobs for less pay due to non-citizens or lack of options, or because they wanted badly to be part of the U. S and saw themselves to be best off here even if wages were cheaper than back at home. Companies did not make the situation better they took advantage of their need for jobs and employed them with poor working conditions and minimum wage because they knew they had no other choice. Resilience of the Mexican American Race Despite a growing presence throughout, Mexicans continued to face discrimination and renewed threats of deportation as national programs like â€Å"Operation Wetback† searched to detain braceros who had overstayed their visas. While working to ensure economic stability, leaders of Mexican communities supported the education of workers and the development of civic and community institutions like the Mexican Civic Committee. 250 Mexican workers were imported to work for Inland Steel and marched in unity with strikers and demanded transportation back to Texas. In the 1950’s Mexicans went to establish branches of civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were GI forum which fought for rights of the Mexican World War II veterans. The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) sought to increase the numbers of Mexican with U. S. Citizenship and to secure rights of Mexican Americans (Arredondo & Valliant, 2005). Throughout the 1970’s and early 1980’s Mexicans worked in groups like the Spanish coalition for jobs and Latino Institute to improve housing and education while also fighting employment and social discrimination faced. Political community activists fought for Benito Juarez High school and founded many organizations. What Social Workers need to know working with Mexican Americans Mexicans accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population, the fastest growing in the U. S. As these numbers increase there is a greater need for social work education to provide culturally sensitive training to social work students. Social Workers need to understand and know the different origins of Mexican cultures to not get them mixed up. Social workers need to set aside all biases when working with Mexican Americans or any other cultures for that matter. Mexicans do not want to be judged on their color or looks. As a social worker we need to understand the discrimination they are faced with and know what their beliefs are. Have knowledge on immigration and migration discusses how to assess for levels of acculturation; examine cultural values; and explore prejudice work issues if any. Biases against other groups A cultural bias I can think of is marrying or dating someone of a different race as you. Mexican Americans are very proud of where they came from and often want to keep wedlock in the same race. They feel by dating out of your race you are ashamed of who you are and consider it a disgrace. Mexican Americans want to keep the Mexican culture alive and growing, by missing with other the races we are losing some of our culture traditions. Due to the missing of races we are seeing more English speaking people than Spanish. It is very sad that today the majority of people raised in a Mexican, Hispanic or any other type of Mexican origin are not able to speak Spanish. Bilingual speakers are a must now days and if you cannot speak Spanish your chances of finding a good job are slim. My personal bias A personal bias of my own is people who speak Spanish and do not teach their children because they feel that this is the United States and everyone should speak Spanish. This really upsets me because I am one of the ones whose parents felt that learning Spanish was not important. I feel they did this because they did not want other children to view me as an immigrant. My parents wanted to make sure everyone knew I was born in America and did not want me to be judged by my skin or language. My parents saw how people who spoke Spanish got treated and instilled it into my head that I did not need to know Spanish because everyone living here is Americans and should speak English. They are now realizing the down fall in me not being able to speak Spanish and understand they made a big mistake. To change this we need parents to understand that our culture is very important and by not teaching us the traditions and languages you are hurting us and our economy. We already have problems not finding jobs, and now to make matters worse the one job that will accept us wont because we cannot speak Spanish. What I learned I have learned so much about the Mexican American culture the pain they endured the racial discrimination they experienced. Mexicans at first did not have the choice on whether they wanted to become of the United States, we crossed and took over their land whether they liked it or not. They were treated unfair and had to fight for their land, losing the battle and their men was not by choice. I learned that they fought several wars to seek justice; I learned they won Independence from Spain in 1820 and this is celebrated on September 16 which is my birthday. I also learned through everything they have been through they were strong workers and took jobs that others did not want because it was hard labor. Discrimination against us will never end but we will fight to see that everyone is treated equal. . Bibliography Arredondo, G. F. , & Valliant, D. (2005). Encyclopedia of Chigago: Mexican. Chicago. Retrieved http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/824. html Bickerton, M. (2001). Prospects for a Bilateral Immigration Agreement with Mexico: Lessons from the Bracero Program. Texas Law Review, 79(4), 895. Figueroa, H. (1996). Mexican workers in the United States: A profile. NACLA Report On The Americas, 30(3), 38. King, Rosemary, (2000-01-01). Border Crossings in the Mexican American War. The Bilingual Review, 25(1), 63-85. Robbins, S. P. , Chatterjee, P. , & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory 3rd edition. NJ: Allyn & Bacon. Skidmore, Thomas E. , and Peter H. Smith. Modern Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. United States Census Bureau. (2010). Hispanic Population for the United States: 2010 Retrieved September 20,2012 [->0] – http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/30. html.

South Korean Economy Analyzed

South Korea in recent decades has been one of the most dynamic economies in the world. Over the period from 1965 to 1990, the rate of growth of per capita GNP was greater than that of any other country in the world (Watkins 1999). Major Korean enterprises such as Lucky Goldstar and Samsung are now common household brand names all over the world. As well, Hyundai and Daewoo, the two leading South Korean auto manufacturers, both offer products that are able to compete on the worldwide market along with other major car producers. In analyzing the South Korean economy, it is important to look at the various factors behind this remarkable success story. The boom and rapid expansion of the Korean economy is due largely in part to the radical changes and new policies introduced under the Park Chung Hee government of 1961-1979. Significant new economic policies included reinforcing the system of chaebol, creating a policy of import substitution with an export-led approach, fostering the development of industries designed to compete effectively in the world's industrial export markets, nationalizing the banks, as well as working on to educe Korea's large external debt. It is these policies, introduced throughout the 1960's and 70's, which caused a future boom in South Korea's economy and continue to influence it at the present day. One extremely important aspect of the South Korean economy is the concept of chaebol. Fathered by Park Chung Hee in the early 1960's, chaebol are conglomerates of many companies clustered around one holding company. The parent company is usually controlled by one family. It started off as a few specially selected large firms encouraged to tailor their growth and production targets to meet South Korean government objectives and were dependant on state-owned banks for the credit they needed to operate and grow. Government-chaebol cooperation was essential to the subsequent economic growth and astounding successes that began in the mid-1960's. The chaebol were able to grow because of two factors – foreign loans and special favors (Song 1997). Access to foreign technology also was critical to its growth throughout the 1970's and 80's. Under the guise of â€Å"guided capitalism†, the government selected companies to undertake projects and channeled funds from foreign loans. The government guaranteed repayment should a company be unable to repay its foreign creditors. Additional loans were made available from domestic banks. In the late 1980's, the chaebol dominated the industrial sector and were especially prevalent in maufacturing, trading, and heavy industries. Today, the chaebol remains the backbone of South Korea's economy. Examples of chaebol include Samsung, Daewoo, and Goldstar. To give an idea to how successful and powerful this economic concept evolved into, in 1983, the country's three largest corporations, all under the chaebol system, accounted for over a third of South Korea's entire Gross National Product (Ibid, p63). The 1960's saw the reduction of U. S. aid to South Korea, aid which had largely kept the country afloat for the past decade following the Korean War. This made feasible the import substitution strategy the Park Chung Hee government had established. Combining a policy of import substitution with an export-led approach, government policy planners selected a group of strategic industries to back, including electronics, shipbuilding, and automobiles. New industries were nurtured by making the importation of such goods difficult. When the new industry was on its feet, the government worked to create good conditions for its export. Incentives for exports included a reduction of corporate and private income taxes for exporters, tariff exemptions for raw materials imported for export production, business tax exemptions, and accelerated depreciation allowances (Kim 1997). This strategy was largely responsible for establishing Korea's strong export-led industries that exist today. Favorable conditions mean that there will always be a demand for their product, both domestically and overseas. In the latter part of Park's reign as president, he fostered the development of industries designed to compete effectively in the world's industrial export markets. These major strategic industries consisted of technology-intensive and skilled labor-intensive industries such as machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding. The plan stressed large heavy and chemical industries, such as iron and steel, petrochemicals, and nonferrous metal. As a result, heavy and chemical industries grew by an impressive 51. 8 percent in 1981 (Amsden 1992); their exports increased to 45. 3 percent of total output (Ibid, p103). These developments can be ascribed to a favorable turn in the export performance of iron, steel, and shipbuilding, which occurred because high-quality, low-cost products could be produced in South Korea. By contrast, the heavy and chemical industries of advanced countries slumped during the late 1970's. This strategy helped to establish South Korea's economic role as a major worldwide industrial exporter, even in a time of turmoil created by the OPEC debacle. It was a plan that was carried right through the 1980's and well into the 90's by successive governments, who recognized its formula for success. When Park took control in 1961, one of his first orders of business was to extend government control over business by nationalizing the banks. As well, he merged the agricultural cooperative movement with the agricultural bank. The government's direct control over all institutional credit further extended Park's command over the business community. The Economic Planning Board was created in 1961 and became the nerve center of Park's plan to promote economic development (Kearny 1991). The Board exists to this day; it is charged primarily with economic planning, as well as coordinating the economic functions of other government ministries. The Bank of Korea continues to exist as a government-controlled financial institution, operated by the Ministry of Finance. In 1975 South Korea was the fourth largest debtor among developing countries with external debt totaling nearly $47 billion U. S. (52 percent of GNP) (Kim 1997). The Park government used its substantial current account surpluses between 1976 and 1979 to reduce and even repay its foreign debt. South Korean banking institutions were banned from obtaining long-term bank loans until the end of the year. The government also reduced the availability of foreign currency loans. This strategy worked, and as a result, South Korea's gross foreign debt dropped to $29. billion U. S. in 1979 (Ibid, p. 74). The dramatic reduction of the debt by the Park government established a solid groundwork for economic growth and expansion by successive governments in the 1980's and 90's. Today, South Korea has in place solid debt management policies and has graduated from its status as a World Bank loan recipient. In analyzing the South Korean economy, it is not hard to see why it has developed into the world's 11th largest economic system (Song 1997). The truth is in the numbers. During the 1970's, some estimates indicate, Seoul had the world's most productive economy. The annual industrial production growth rate was about 25 percent (Ibid, p131); there was a fivefold increase in the GNP from 1965 to 1978 (Ibid, p131). In the mid-1970's, exports increased by an average of 45 percent a year (Ibid, p132). Today, it is a major exporter of electronics, heavy machinery, and automobiles. The remarkable success of this dynamic economy can be attributed to the radical new economic policies and changes brought about by the Park Chung Hee government of 1961-1979. Significant new economic strategies included developing the system of chaebol, creating the import-substitution policy, fostering the development of industries designed to compete in the world's industrial export markets, nationalizing financial institutions, as well as working on to reduce South Korea's large external debt. Successive governments continued to implement these policies and many are still in place today. South Korea is definitely an economic powerhouse to be reckoned with, and the world may still have yet to feel the wrath of this Asian Tiger.

Learning disabilities and special education

The Article on Learning Disability provided by Psychology Today details the various dimensions of learning disability which thrusts on the following: its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatment. To start off, learning disability refers to the child’s difficulty of translating to their brain what their visual and auditory senses produce. The symptoms of this disorder are categorized into the following: â€Å"language disorders, developmental speech disorders, academic abilities disorders†, and the other category which includes certain coordination disorders and learning handicaps not covered by the previous terms. There is no single concrete explanation to why this disorder has developed but several theories accounted several factors such as errors in fetal brain development, genetic, use of alcohol and drugs, problems during pregnancy, and toxins in the child’s environment. All of these factors contribute to one’s understanding of the existence of such kind of disorder. Several steps have been taken to minimize the adverse effects of this learning disorder such as medication and therapy (MedicineNet Inc, 2002). From a psychological standpoint, I appreciate the various theoretical offerings on the causes of learning disorder of this article. However, I believe that one of the important dichotomies in psychology was underrated by this work, i.e. the genetic vs. environment consideration. Although genetic factors complemented by the cellular basis of learning were considered, the social environment of the child definitely plays a role here as well. This article should have explored on this aspect too. Psychological studies, indeed, have shown that both genes and environment are major determinants of many major human processes (Smith et al., 2003). In addition, the socialization process goes with it too. Although this article is mainly about learning disabilities, the inclusion of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, though spurious for this matter, is a beneficial one. It was able to present how learning disability becomes an inevitable consequence of the presence of ADHD. Further, it goes to show several remedial processes that one may undergo to defeat the effects of ADHD and learning disorder – such as medication, therapy, and educational options. The social impact of learning disorder was also mentioned in this article, which is a valuable aspect to look on. Children who suffer from this disorder also suffer from frustration and low self-esteem. Indeed, this is serious matter. The good thing is that several laws have been passed in relation to this problem. First, children with this disorder are guaranteed of free public education which is intended to respond to their specific needs (MedicineNet Inc, 2002). This is supported by a particular stipulation under section 200.2 of Part 2 Regulations of NYS school codes which specifies that an arrangement of special education programs and services for a preschool student with a disability shall be made. This is a very important undertaking in relation to the development of children with learning disorder (New York State Education Website, 2005). This regulation acknowledges the differences of children’s learning development and gives special focus and treatment on children with deficiency on this. How valuable is this if you would ask me? Very much as it goes to show that the state moves toward the enrichment of every member of the society and further, this move minimizes the inequality set forth by this kind of disorder. This claim can is substantiated by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 which ensures equal job opportunity among people with learning disorder. This also orders employers to make reasonable accommodations to workers with this disorder (MedicineNet Inc, 2002). The importance of parental and academic factors in the detection of learning disorder, which was highlighted in the article, can also be seen on the Individual evaluation and reevaluation stipulation under 200.4 which states that developmental and educational information of the student must be gathered plus a physical examination, observation of the student in the educational placement, and a social history are all required (New York State Education Website, 2005). The need for social history underscores the importance of the child’s social environment as a determinant of LD, which is concurrent with the previous point that I have raised. Second, the importance of parental role was accounted for in this stipulation. The information gathered from the parent is required in the evaluation of students with learning disability. In conclusion, learning disability is as crucial as how we perceive it to be. It affects an individual’s normal functioning; and worse, it affects the attainment of one’s fullest potential. But on a lighter note, several measures have been formulated. Thus, the partnership of parents, teachers, and the state is an important element in assisting children with learning disorder. Further, this partnership has the capacity to help these children in attaining their precious little dreams. REFERENCES New York State Education Website (2005). Regulation of the Commissioner of EducationPart 200- Students   with Disabilities. Retrieved October 27, 2006 from Smith, E.E. et al. (2003). Atkinson & Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology 14th edition. Australia: Thomson & Wadsworth.

Advertising Mixture of Art and Science Essay

Advertising allows us to communicate a salient message to a large group of consumers faster than any other form of communication. It allows us to truly connect with the consumer; it gives us an opportunity to develop an ongoing relationship between the consumer and a brand. At its best, advertising will create a sense of urgency for the consumer, awareness often honest and accurate that there are products, places, styles or sensibilities that cry out for action or attention. Advertising is a compendium of all communications that consumer sees, feels, touches, hears, smells, and so on. If they are walking through a store, the packaging on particular product is advertising. If they are at home, the direct mail they receive in their mailbox, the e-mails and pop-ups on their computers, or the images they see on television are advertising. The logos on the NASCAR autos or even the t-shirts with every name known to mankind are advertising Advertising A Mixture Of Art And Science: Advertising is a fine balance between art and science. The science part of it is consuming information, but the true challenge is translating these facts into a relevant strategy, into an original, creative execution, and generating the right communication stream. Explanation: Advertising is a mix of science and art. Most companies approach marketing problems in the same way we all do a certain level of copy testing, using qualitative and/or quantitative research techniques. That is the science side of it. The art is in the ideas. It s in being able to see something that others don t see and to develop creative ideas around it. There s a lot of art to that. There are some fundamental rules which successful advertising must follow. First, need to understand the brand which about to take on. Ask questions such as: What are its core equities? Who are the brand s consumers? From there, we need to understand the consumers and observe how that brand fits into their lives and their day-to-day routines. Once we have got that, we can develop a strong, critical consumer insight. Then marry that insight with the core equities of the brand. That way the insight becomes brand-centric. After that, provide a strong creative brief that helps the creative understand the brand, the arriers the brand might face, and exactly what it is that the advertising should do. In reviewing the creative s ideas, it is important that keep in mind whether they really deliver on the marketing strategy. We need to set aside our own tastes and put our self in the consumer s shoes, because nine times out of 10 you aren t the target consumer anyway. Ask, Will this idea connect to the consumer? Once we ve completed the review, take the ideas to the client. WE have to listen to the client, because its job is to protect the core equities of the brand. The client needs to feel comfortable, but also needs to judge the idea the way you did will it connect? You need to cut through the clutter, engage the consumers, and persuade them to take an action or purchase the product. At the end of the process, we need to get the results and learn from them. If the process worked well, understand what made it successful and keep it going. To succeed in the advertising business, we must be able to see opportunity in the abstract and then, you must make it real. Advertising is a part art, part science, and perhaps even a greater measure of discipline. If you don t have a disciplined approach to developing a strategic platform, it will be impossible to produce quality material over a long period of time. The essential tactics for this type of disciplined approach are many: Hiring, training, firing, strategy development, creative development, media development, account service, research; how you follow up with your clients on a day to day basis; the processes you use within your agency; the financial discipline you have within your company; how you approach developing a real partnership with the client; how you approach developing an understanding of their products or services. So, discipline isn’t something that s nice if we have time for it; it s mandatory. We can t just wing it. In years past, advertising agencies have had the reputations of being free-thinking, free-wheeling, free-spending bastions of creative largesse where folks think, do and create great things all day long. But anyone who has worked in the business knows that the creative part is the figurative tip of the iceberg: It only represents about 10% of what we do. The rest of the time is spent learning, researching, understanding, and massaging information so that we can actually deliver a message that makes sense and produces results. Conclusion: Advertising has been described as something that interrupts someone s attention long enough to be able to sell them something. Fundamentally, you are imposing yourself intruding upon someone s time and finding a way to connect with a passive mind in a very brief period to help inform or intrigue with something that has value to that person. That’s what advertising is. The art relates to the entertainment qualities, which are there to capture interest. The science is in the ability to understand what you are going to do when you have those two or three seconds of attention. The science involves having an understanding of people and human nature; understanding the qualities of a product, a brand, a category, or a specific offering and being able to frame it properly.

Influence of the Physical Landscape on the Historical and Recent Term Paper

Influence of the Physical Landscape on the Historical and Recent Settlement Patterns of the Maltese Islands - Term Paper Example Malta’s spectacular landscape and Mediterranean climate have made it a tourist haven. All these factors have affected a shift from the rural to the urban and have led to Malta’s population is heavily concentrated on the east coast. Malta, derived from the Latin name ‘Melita,’ meaning ‘Honey Island,’ is formally called the Republic of Malta. It is an archipelago comprising of six islands and islets in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, ninety-three kilometers South of Sicily and 288 kilometers north from the African coast. The six islands are Malta, Gozo, Comino, Cominotto, Filfla, and St. Paul’s Island. While the first three are inhabited, the others are very small, barren, uninhabited islets. It has a total area of 316 square kilometers, of which Malta comprises 246 square kilometers. The geographical coordinates of the archipelago are latitudes 36 degrees N and 35 degrees S and longitudes14 degrees E and 14 degrees W. Malta enjoys th e typical central Mediterranean climate of long, hot, dry summers with cooling sea breezes, warm and sporadically wet autumns and mild winters with warm westerly winds. An annual average of eight hours of sunshine a day makes it a holidaymakers’ paradise. The mean temperature is 19 degrees C. and the average annual rainfall measures about 560 mm. (The Malta Story, 1998). With a population of about 394,000, which works out to about 1,247 inhabitants per square kilometer, Malta’s population density ranks among the highest in the world (Commonwealth Secretariat, n. d.). A study of the settlement patterns of the Maltese islands over time shows that the distribution of the human population has been strongly influenced by Malta’s unique physical landscape and geographical location as well as its’ historical circumstances through the ages. Malta’s physical landscape derives from its’ being mainly a gradually undulating globigerina (formed by marine protozoa) limestone plateau.     

Issues in Employee Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in Employee Performance - Essay Example However, having a sound output for the company depends on the quality of human capital one organisation has. In order to attain quality productivity, one must select competent personnel of which can deliver the expected output based on the set goals and objectives of the company. Moreover, on the other hand, those who have been employed in the company should be measured based on ones productivity and accomplishment, a process of which leads towards employees performance management. Primarily, employees’ performance management focuses on developing ones capabilities. Aguinis (2007) mentioned in one of his writings that performance management is â€Å"a continuous process of identifying, measuring and developing the performance of an individual.† Aguinis (2007) further added that this continuous capacity building needs clear objectives, observing and measuring performance and regular feedback. However, Cokins (2004) does not limit performance management to capacity buildi ng but rather â€Å"performance management helps managers to sense earlier and respond more quickly to uncertain changes.† Understanding the Nature of Employees According to Dan Hill (2008) employee management is the most emotional part of the business. It is a relationship that links the superior and the staff where interaction takes place and sometimes intense. Fast phased working environment mostly leads to misunderstanding or disagreement affecting office relationship. Emotionally confronted with reality cannot be avoided since it party dominate the relationship that shadows rationality and objectivity affecting company goals and specific work assignments. In some cases of which are highly damaging to the company’s reputation and as part of correcting the actions of which has negatively undertaken by an employee, immediate termination of employment should be considered and served to the employee. However, in less grievous cases, disciplinary action may take its pla ce in order to help the employee improve their quality to meet work standards. It should always be kept in mind that majority of employees would like to succeed in their respective position in which in order for an employee to advance to their respective careers, constant guidance and coaching is expected from their superior. This would help them improved and be recognized once ability enabling them to integrate concretely to the company’s operations giving them a sense of belongingness and for them to be able to recognize their personal problem and being able to improve oneself. Performance Management Wilson (2005) conferred that performance management has its own set of process, concept of which its approach has a holistic philosophy that integrates employees motivation, awareness of expectation from the superiors, personnel development and training, monitoring and performance measurement for them to be able to know the key areas for improvement. According to Mathis and Jac kson (2008) performance management should emanate from the organizations needs to meet its strategic objectives. Performance management serves as a strategy relating to every activity of organisation (Armstrong, 2005). Armstrong (2006) mentioned that installing a performance management system in the workplace creates an atmosphere that enables employees to performance in high