Cooper Industries -Case Study Essay Example for Free

Cooper Industries -Case Study EssayCooper Industries was organized in 1919 as a manufacturer of heavy machinery and equipment. By the mid-1950s it was a leading manufacturing business of engines and massive compressors manipulationd to force naturalgas through pipelines and oil out of wells. Management was concerned, however, over its heavy dependence on sales to the oil and gas industries and the red-faced fluctuation of earnings caused bythe cyclical nature of heavy machinery and equipment sales. Although the ships companys long-term salesand earnings growth had been above average, its cyclical nature had dampened W totally Streets interestin the stock substantially. (Coopers historical direct results and financial condition aresummarized in Exhibits 1 and 2.)Initial efforts to lessen the earnings volatility were not favored. Between 1959 and 1966, Cooperacquired (1) a supplier of portable industrial male monarch cocks, (2) a manufacturer of small industrial airand proc ess compressors, (3) a maker of small pumps and compressors for oil field applications, and(1) a producer of tire-changing tools for the automotive market. The acquisitions broadened Coopersmarkets but left(a) it still extremely sensitive to general economic conditions. In 1966 Cooper began a full review of its acquisition strategy. After several months of study, threecriteria were established for all acquisitions. First, the application should be one in which Cooper couldbecome a major factor. This requirement was in line with managements goal of leadership within afew distinct areas of business. Second, the industry should be fairly stable, with a broad market forthe products and a product line of small ticket items.This product definition was intended toeliminate any company that had undue profit dependence on a single customer or several large salesper year. Finally, it was decided to acquire only leading companies in their respective marketsegments. This new strategy was in itially implemented with the acquisition in 1967 of the Lufkin RuleCompany, the worlds largest manufacturer of measuring rules and tapes. Cooper acquired a qualityproduct line, an established distribution system of 35,000 retail hardware stores throughout theUnited Slates, and plants in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It also gained the servicesofWilliam minister, president of Lufkin, and Hal Stevens, vice president of sales. Both were extremely knowledgeable in the hand tool business and had worked together effectively for years. Their goalwas to build through acquisition a hand tool company with a full product line that would use acommon sales and distribution system and joint advertising.To do this they needed Coopersfinancial strength. Lufkin provided a solid base to which two other companies were added. In 1969 the CrescentNiagara Corporation was acquired. The company had been highly profitable in the early 1960s butsuffered in recent years under the mismanagement of a lmost investor-entrepreneurs who gainedcontrol in 1963. A series of acquisitions of weak companies with misfortunate product lines eroded Crescentsoverall profitability until, in 1967, a small loss was reported. Discouraged, the investors wanted to getout, and Coopereager to add Crescents well-known and high-quality wrenches, pliers, andscrewdrivers to its linewas interested. It was clear that some of Crescents lines would have to bedropped and inefficient plants would have to be closed, but the wrenches, pliers, and screwdriverswould play an important part of Coopers product policy.In 1970, Cooper further expanded into hand tools with the acquisition of the Weller ElectricCorporation. Weller was the worlds leading supplier of soldering tools to the industrial, electronic,and consumer markets. It provided Cooper with a new, high-quality product line and productioncapacity in England, West Germany, and Mexico. (Information on the three acquisitions is providedin Exhibit 3.) Cooper w as less successful in its approach to a fourth company in the hand tool business, theNicholson File Company. Nicholson was on the original shopping list of acceptable acquisitioncandidates that Mr. Cizik and Mr. Rector had developed, but several attempts to interest Nicholson inexploring merger possibilities had failed. The Nicholson family had controlled and managed thecompany since its founding in 1864, and Paul Nicholson, chairman of the board, had no interest injoining forces with anyone.

A Discussion on Realism and Impressionism Essay Example for Free

A Discussion on world and Impressionism EssayThe world was changing dramatically in the late 18th century. In North America, the British colonies had successfully revolted against the English empire and formed the United States of America. Fueled by this success, Europeans began to feel a strong desire for change, most notably in France, where the search for liberty led to the bloody french Revolution, which lasted from 1788 until 1799. At the same time, populations were st machinationing to rapidly expand, and weak and technology were producing the engines and tools to make the Industrial Revolution possible. It was in this atmosphere of change that a new tasty movement was born a movement that wanted to view the world around it in a different way. Prior to this era, works of art commonly exemplified idealized scenes from historic events, or placed the compositors case in larger-than-life, heroic circumstances. Artists of the new movement wanted to show life as it really existed its triumphs as tumefy as failures its beauty as well as its baser attributes. These artists were a part of the new movement Realism.See more Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essayAs the name of the movement implies, Realism was an artistic movement toward attempting to capture the subject of the artwork in a professedly-to-life manner. Stated simply, realist artists sought to produce accurate and objective portrayals of the ordinary, observable world, with a focus on the lower classes and with a critique of the established social and political order (MindEdge, 2012). Considered by many to be the father of Realism is the French painter Gustave Courbet (1819 1877).In his life-sized depiction of two workmen he met along the roadside called The Stonebreakers (1849-50), we see the hallmarks of the Realist movement. (Courbet, 1850) Not only does Courbet pay careful attention to the accompaniment in order to paint as he sees it, but he treats the subject numerat e with almost reverent respect. The laborers are not being extolled as heroic figures in an epic struggle, as would be expected in a more Romantic-style work of art. Instead, the two workmen are seen busy at a most ordinary task, that of breaking and moving heavy stones by the roadside.The simple act of everyday, hard labor is glorified and given a dignity that transcends heroism. This new-found, at least for the time period, respect for the common person and his or her struggles and successes in everyday life, as well as the desire to depict those struggles and successes with accuracy, are the true hallmarks of Realism. The paint had hardly dried on the early works of the Realist movement when another group of artists began to focus on a different aspect of artistic expression.This new technique was begun by the French artist Edouard Manet (1832 1883). Manet was a Realist painter who also wanted to bring truth to the color and light involved in his paintings. Manet and others of t his new style had found that, quite an than mixing colors on the palette and applying this mixture to the canvas, by juxtaposing different colors close together on the canvas, a more intense hue could be produced. This caused the painting have an almost unfinished look to them, especially when viewed from close range.This effect, along with the treatment of light on the subjects to capture time, motion and emotion in daily life and nature, is a key element of Impressionism. One of the most well- hunchn of the Impressionist painters was Claude Monet (1840 1926). His work, Impression, sunrise (1872), is quite characteristic of the Impressionist movement. (Monet, 1872) This depiction of a harbor scene in France is done in very loose brushstrokes, suggesting the subject matter rather than clearly defining it.The painting creates a depression of water and boats in the early morning. This treatment of the subject and the light illuminating it gave art critic Louis Leroy the idea, in 1 872, to ridicule the painting using its own name against it implying that the impression he perceived was that the work was incomplete. While his critique has not proven to stand the examine of time, his description of the work did help to label the artistic movement Impressionism. How do Realism and Impressionism compare? The choice of subject matter is often similar.Artists of both schools often chose scenes from everyday life and attempted to portray them on the canvas. While Courbets, The Stonebreakers, does show us clearly delineated characters in a realistically depicted scene, and Monets, Impression, Sunrise, imparts the feeling of the scene and allows the viewer to build context around that feeling, both paintings pay homage to a common, uncomplicated activity with a certain dignity and respect. In this sense, Impressionism can be seen as a natural extension of the Realist movement.Impressionism took Realism in another direction, however, with its unique treatment of light on the subject matter and in its coloring technique. This allowed Impressionist painters to capture feelings of motion, time and emotion in their art while continuing the Realists quest to examine the beauty in everyday life. As can be seen with an examination of the various movements in art history, Realism artists reacted to the fanciful, larger-than-life depictions of subjects in the Romantic period by act toward detailed, as you see it renderings of the life and times of the common man and his surroundings.Impressionism, resonating with the tenets of Realism, took the movement even further, seeking to portray, not only life as we know it, but also life as we experience it. This opening up of the artistic mind to the possibilities of greater experimentation and more liberal viewpoints can be seen as the first salvo in an assault on the sterile, regimented ideology of the more traditional schools of artistic thought. The cracks created in the armor of traditional art styles allo wed for future generations of artists to explore even further into their imaginations in order to redefine art in the modern era.

Vulnerable Body Critical Discourse Of Code Blue Nursing Essay

Vulnerable Body Critical Discourse Of Code Blue Nursing EssayWhen words of Code Blue are announced through overhead speakers, my heart always skips a beat, and I ordain start my personal struggle again among schoolmaster, legal and ethic liability did I manoeuvre the right action on a right unhurried and did I do a right thing?Code blue means a patient, who is in Full Code status, is suffering a event of cardio-respiratory arrest, and immediately needs a starting of full advanced cardiac life def finish protocol, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), medication, and mechanical ventilation (Lewis, Heitkemper Dirksen, 2006, p.166). I shed been working in an adult inpatient medicine unit for six years. I can non exactly remember how m any times I initiated a formula blue c alone and have disrupticipated with the resuscitation squad. Most of the patients that I have involved in code blue have died during the resuscitation process with a huge mess of profligate, air way secretion, urine, bowel movement and medication on his or her body or survived less than 24 hours. After each resuscitation action, I felt emotionally drained, depressed, guilty, helpless and frustrated with the code status end Full Code. In this paper, by presenting a resuscitation scenario, I will conduct a discourse analysis around this clinical predicament from both liberal-humanist and scientific-medical perspectives. Through analysis, I chthonianstood that clinical dilemma happens all the times, and it too will happen in the future. Nurses need to seek how to explore the contradictions or tensions from different discourses and understand them to grieve over. At the end of the paper, I discuss the implication of the future nursing practice found on the have intercourseledge acquired from this discourse analysis.Personal StoryIt was my first year in an adult inpatient medicine unit after my graduation from a nursing school. Mr. D was a 97 years old widower. He was ad mitted to the infirmary for congested heart failure, shortness of breath and also found to have pneumonia. He was intubated for respiratory difficulty in the intensive vex unit therefore eventually developed multisystem organ failure, sepsis, and meningitis. Also, he was at the end stage of liver disease, and illustrated by brain damage signs from circulating toxins, hepatic encephalopathy. Arriving at my unit, he complained of shortness of breath and dizziness. His jaundiced skin glowed bright yellow. He showed delirium, repeated the same questions in slurred voice incoherently. He presented a marginal derivation pressure, lungs were full of fluid, and oozed blood from his gums and injection sites was hardly to clot. All his limbs were extremely swollen. Nasogastric feeding tube was in situ. Oxygen was supplied at 4-liter by nasal prongs with saturation of 88 92%. While checking orders to create a Kardex, I realized his code status was Full Code, and docs progress notes indicat ed that finish of code status was discussed between health care team and family three times.Two days later, I found Mr. D was not responding to my greeting and touch during my hourly round checking at 1000 in the morning no breathing sound heard, and no palpable pulse. I hit the code blue button on the wall at beside and started CPR. A code blue announcement automatically was delivered through overhead speaking system. Code team arrived in one minute. Night gown was unembellished off an aged body was totally naked. Deep suction via yankauer was made in rush, a tube was inserted down his throat, and then into his lungs in a acrid manner, and a ventilator took over his breathing, blood famous in his m proscribedh a cardiac monitor was hooked up to his chest chest condensate was made in a powerful manner to reach the depth of 5cm, rib and sternum bones broken noise was heard a enormous needle-like catheter for getting artery blood gas by a respiratory therapist was poked into to several locations, blood contaminated his right upper arm and intimate thigh venopuncturing for intravenous cannula insertion by a nurse was re-poked four times on both extremely swollen arms and blood messed on forearms isosource of nasogastric feeding came from his nose and mouth, foul odour smelled epinephrine was injected two times defibrillator was applied three times with strong electric shock. Twenty minutes later, the physician ordered to stop the resuscitation effort and give up. Mr. D was left naked in the bed, lying without moving, deadly pale on his face. Everybody was exhausted, leaving the room with bilk on face, and huge mess on the bed and floor. Tears were running down in familys cheek, too sad to say a word.Analyzing Personal beatFull code is permission for a code team to insert a ventilation tube into failing lungs, apply electric shock to a fibrillating heart, and unleash a extra blood of punctures, dissections, and exsanguinations on the human body. A resusc itation based on Full Code is supposed to be performed aiming in offer the patient a get. However, these interventions are marginally effective (Hiberman, Kutner, Parsons Murphy, 1997 Perers, Abrahamsson, Bang, Engdahl, Lindqvist Karlson, et al, 1999), lives saved and functioning restored only for a small number (15% worldwide average) of people (McGrath, 1987 Saklayen, Liss Markert, 1995 Schneider, Nelson Brown,, 1993). Subjecting a destruction person to CPR who is believed there is virtually no hope of survival is a terrible way to practise health care it is inhumane and it is an assault. despite significant improvements made in training, equipment, and drugs, the overall CPR survival rate has remained almost the same over the past 30 years (Beall, 2001). Findings from 33 studies showed that close 16% of patients under age 70 and 12% of patients aged 70 and older survived CPR only (Kaye Mancini, 1996).After participating in the resuscitation for Mr. D, I have been strugg ling over this real scenario at (1) what is the quality of last (2) who can decide the code status and (3) what can I do for advocating my patient?As a nurse, I have to deal with life-and- devastation decisions with each of my patients. With the participating in the resuscitation for Mr. D and witnessed his death, I am inquire what is a quality death? What a kind of process is a quality death? Who defines it? What is the resuscitation doing? How much do patients in terminal life stage have to understand about what dying is like? How well patients dignity could be preserved and integrated into the resuscitation process? How well patients invite could be respected in the decision of code status? How does a patient want everything to be done to extend his life Full Code in hospital parlance, or a patient wants to let his/her death happen naturally without interference a Do non revive order? Does the Full Code status truly welfare the patients interest or just benefit a change decision makers/familys interest? As for Mr. Ds scenario, is the Full Code status his real wish? Is the dying process his real belief about dying? Is the dying process his real value about the death? Did he image his death with broken sternum and ribs, massive blood mess and contamination? Did he image that, at the end of life, he was surrounded by the code team rather than by his family members? Unfortunately, I have no solution to seek the true answers yet I felt the contradiction and tension between the resuscitation on behalf of a Full Code status and quality death professionally, I have duty of care to participate in the resuscitation action and do any(prenominal) required for such a purpose, but ethically and honorablely, I do not want to do any harm on my patients during the resuscitation. It has become my clinical dilemma of struggle for many years.The decision of code status is a complex and controversial topic. Theoretically, it seems simple and easy to declare either pat ient or patients substitute decision maker will be the subject to make decision about code status. However, in the real working environment, I noted that many patients indications on code status are blank, not checked yet and sometimes they are left as blank for a enormous period also, some patients code status has been changed reversely from Do Not Resuscitate to Full Code by their family Mr. D was one of such examples. It tells me that the decision process in not a straight-forward linear procedure it is organic or dynamic. The confusion for me is who is the real decision maker during this organic process, the patient own, patients family/substitute decision maker or a health care provider? As a regulated professional, a health care provider is rarely taking action as such decision maker usually, either patients or their family will be. While the patient is capable, it is clear that the patient decides it for himself or herself. However, my wondering is that there are so many fa ctors that will impact patients capacity when decision needed to be made on the code status, such as age, medical condition, the quality of life, religious views and overall wishes. Further more, like the perception on pain, capacity is really subjective a sound judgement on patients capacity also is difficulty. Who can decide a patients capacity is either intact or impaired without any interest conflict? Like Mr. Ds scenario, due to his senior age and confused medical condition, his miss was his decision maker from the admission the reality of his condition was recorded as deteriorated daily, and he had been incapable(p) to provide any comment about his code status the progress notes show us that his code status has been changed from Full Code to Do Not Resuscitate, and then back to Full Code again during a five-week period of hospitalization. Is there any interest conflict in the process duration his daughter made decision of turning over on his code status for him, and does s uch change will really benefit him in relieving suffering, restoring functioning and change his quality of life?As a member of heath care team, what I can do to advocate my patients decision is really limited so that I am feeling helpless. Being a sick people in a hospital might be very stressful in additional to physical symptoms, people may feel anxious, depressed and helpless. Also, family members might be place under a difficult time and position during a medical crisis family members may disagree, emotions might be high and medical information can become confusing agent. In such a stressful circumstance, any mathematical irrational decision could be made without considering the reality and possibility. Perhaps, we can say nurses are knowledgeable to provide information, as well as nurses know more about the patients daily condition than a physician so that a nurse really can make some good input for health care team and family in decision-making to advocate patients benefit h owever, the final decision is totally depending on patients or their substitute decision-makers understanding about the condition of code status they are legally granted the power. Like Mr. Ds case, his decision-maker alternatively requested change of his code status from Do Not Resuscitate to Full Code on his behalf that resulted in futile and miserable resuscitation, even if his most responsible physician could not apply any influence on it. Health care providers are not legally granted such a power, and ethically, we also can not apply our opinions, judgement or weft on patients or their decision-makers decision. So, I have been struggling over the relationship between power and knowledge under such circumstance, knowledge is not and does not have the power at all. What we can do is through information providing to empower our patients or their decision-maker to use their power to make a right prime(a) on code status to empty such futile and miserable resuscitation happened o n Mr. D without any benefit, but harm.Exploring Discourse AnalysisThe clinical dilemma as identified in the above scenario, the contradiction and tension are mainly triaged from respecting the patients own or their decision-makers picking on code status while providing our resuscitating intervention. In order to understand the issue, I did literature review on decision making on code status choice. I chose the patients or their decision-makers decision of choice on their code status and how to empower them in making a right decision by information providing to advocate for patients benefit in quality of life at the end of life as my focus. In the following sections, I will use Mr. Ds case to analyze this clinical dilemma from both liberal-humanist discourse and scientific-medical discourse perspectives.Scientific-medical discourse empower patients to make right choice on code statusAccording to Grant, Giddings Beale (2005), the scientific-medical discourse is based on the biomedic al mode of medical science. Its core concept is that a human body is a collection of different parts that are organically organized and form different systems that manifest as a set of symptoms (Brown Seddon, 1996, a, b). It constitutes the scientific fundamentals and becomes the root of nursing science (Grant, Giddings Beale, 2005, p.499). That is the reason I chose it as one of my discourse.Medical knowledge explicitly tells me that life maintenance must be under the control of homeostatic balance, which is opposeed by normal functions of all organs and homeostatic control mechanism can maintain only in a relative narrow constancy (Thibodeau Patton, 2005, p.16). CPR is a despairing technique that is used on the people who are might be suffering cardiac arrest in order to deliver oxygen to blood stream and maintain a cardiac circulation to keep vital organs, such as such as the brain, be oxygenized to be alive, to delay brain death, and maintain the heart to remain responsive to defibrillation in many type of patients, it virtually never works for a patient with an advanced age and life-threatening distemper who is dying of the underlying disease, there is very limited benefit because survival is rare (As articulated by Grant, Giddings and Beale (2005), nurses had sound technical knowledge of visible diseases, the associated symptoms, predisposing causes, and assume treatment (p.499) from medical science. Under the influence of biomedical model political theory, the interventions of nursing care have been constructed as a set of tangible, specifically operate-able and mensural procedures that are implemented in a methodical manner step by step, for example, nursing process. Reflecting on Mr. Ds case, by informing them the updated condition and possible prognosis through my careful and objective assessment, I can support my patient or their decision-maker to charter a right code status to avoid a violent death that occurs during an advanced cardiac life support and artificially prolonged life maintenance. It is not to apply my opinion or choice on them. It is to empower them to make right choice in a supportive manner to preserve patients dignity and quality of life, as well as death. In such a way, my professional integrity also will be benefited in maintaining, professional contradiction and personal tension will be avoided.Liberal-humanist Discourse Advocating PatientAccording Grant, Giddings Beale (2005), the liberal-humanist discourse of nursing care is a holistic move up the patient is viewed as a whole person and a unique individual, not the collection of different parts only. Empathic nursing care does not only deal with patients biomedical issues, but also evince patients autonomy, rationality, emotions, understandings and dignity it is characterized by respecting patients self-determination, free choice, and self-representation (Praeger, 2002). The ethic ideology of liberal-humanist discourse of nursing care is u nderpinned by two assumptions nurses commitment to a aver therapeutic social relationship of care and having moral obligation to act (Dyson, 1997, p. 200) on behalf of patients (Grant, Giddings Beale, 2005). Such a sound holistic attack becomes the grand rationale I take up it as one of my discourses. Also, it casts and shapes my best nursing practice by providing my patients and their family holistic caring.However, it must be understand that such an universal or global ideology itself has an underlying contradiction and tension that I experienced in my patient Mr. Ds scenario, that is, under some circumstance or specific context, it is difficulty that sympathetic nursing care must have commitment to trust interpersonal relationship by respecting the patients autonomy and at the same time, nurses also have moral obligation to act on behalf of the patient.As for Mr. Ds case, health care team discussed the code status choice in multiple family meetings based on informed decisio n principle. The whole caring process demonstrated the empathetic caring by respecting familys decision on the code status choice, taking appropriate and timely resuscitation action virtuously on behalf of the decision maker. However, the misery result was the violation of patients dignity and quality of death in the dying process, which is actually evitable and it morally generates the ethic guilty and tension in health carers emotion, because health carer eventually does not have the legal authority to take action to morally prevent such an avoidable misery event to be happened. Such contradiction and tension in professional, legal and ethic principles basically contribute to my woe and confusion.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe discourse from either scientific-medical approach or the liberal-humanist approach, while peoples life reaches the end stage life-span, not only does the physical body, but also the person as a whole, become a vulnerable object. Being a ill person in a hospital can be terribly overwhelming with physical symptoms, anxiety, depressed and helpless, as well as invasive treatment, diagnostic interventions and a variety of information that is related to each procedure. A treatment is supposed to be of benefit if it relieves suffering, restores functioning and improves quality of life it will become a burden if it causes pain, prolongs dying without offering a benefit or increases distress. When we emphasize that patients do have some control over what kind of treatments they do and do not want, but in how many cases patients really implement their control over the treatments? Taking Mr. Ds scenario as an example, being in his senior age and impaired cognitive status, it is impossible for him to be a host to get his treatment and care plan under the control of his wishes his decision maker on his behalf, driven and masked by a normal graceful desire that is often seen in the most of people, just wants everything has to be done to rem ain alive to save and prolong his physical life, even if a few more minutes, legally places not only his physical body, but also a person as a whole at the risk of infection of vulnerable position unconsciously while choosing a Full Code status. As a nursing member of the code team, I have professional obligation to do some inhumane resuscitation actions on his vulnerable body and impair his dignity of death. So, putting myself into Mr. Ds shoes, if either my parents or I were in his age and health condition, I really need the preservation of self-determination, free choices and self-representation in decision making on code status choice choose DNR, let me go naturally without pain, suffering and inhumane resuscitating effort.Our patient-center nursing care philosophy always makes us be aware of that patients need to be supported, not blamed (Kammerer, Garry, Hartigan, Carter Erlich, 2007). From the liberal-humanist discourse of nursing care views, committed to trust interperson al relationship with patients, empathy and communication are two core concepts. When a persons life is at the brink of death, a clear nous is a rarely existed. Often, it will be more difficulty to accept and respect a frail mind than a frail body. Terminally ill people may look differently, feel even worse and terrible, and think in another way. They need advocacy, fortress and caring in humane, patient, and professional ways. Supporting their ability to get their lives under control is no less important than keeping their blood pressure under control. Communication in an empathetic passion is more conducive to doing the right thing than rigid legal documents. Nursing has moral, as well as professional, obligation to communicate our scientific-medical knowledge to support patients in determining what kind of code status they want to be and make their wishes known to their love ones. Family is an integrated part of our clients, which are facing a difficult position during a medical crisis. Identically, we have above obligation to support patients family members in knowing what a loved one wanted that will help them get peace of mind that they are honouring the wishes of their loved one. In such a way, our professional development will be in growth, and our personal distress that is involved in the discourse tension will be released.SummaryAccording to the learning goals of this course, discourse from scientific-medical approach and liberal-humanist approach on a real clinical situation is presented in this paper. Personal distress, frustration and confusion arisen from the clinical dilemma have been analyzed. Nursing care can be explored from different kinds of contradictory discourses. All these contradictory discourses might contribute to nurses feeling of distress, frustration or confusion when encountering different clinical situations. The liberal-humanist nonsuch of ethic of care focus on viewing a person as a whole and respecting patients self-determi nation, free choice, and self-representation, bur patients need advocates and support from scientific-medical approach in decision-making. Furthermore, for professional and personal development, nurses should learn to understand these different discourses in one situation and take effective strategies to solve the clinical dilemma. Committing to a trust therapeutic interpersonal relationship with patients will help nurses understand patients better, and it also helps nurses to find the meaning of the event so that effective solutions could be figured out to solve clinical dilemma.

Street Children in Egypt

Street Children in EgyptStreet Children Phenomena in EgyptThe passage children phenomenon in Egypt as known for more or less people is bingle of Egypts serious worrys. Egypt is unmatched of the countries with the highest number of alley children. I decided to look this topic because it is one of the long lasting problems Egypt is facing. There ar a ken of misunderstandings regarding the meaning of the word highroad children, according to the UNICEF children must f both under one of these two definitions in order to be called street children. First, Children who are employed in some kind of economic activity ranging from begging to stealing. Most go home at the end of the day and contri juste their earnings to their family. They may be attending school and retain a sense of belonging to a family. Because of the economic fragility of the family, these children may eventually opt for a perm vitality on the streets. Second, Children of the street actually await on the stre et (or outside of a normal family environment). Family ties may exist but are polished and are maintained only casually or occasionally.I aim by this research to evaluate the situation of street children in Egypt and to know their priorities, activities and problems. Also, discover the actions done by the governmental and non-governmental organizations regarding the problem of street children. Finally, raise awareness to the street children problem in Egypt. In Egypt, government legislation and rules relating to street children cadaver primarily disciplinary to the street children who are viewed as criminals and a threat to the society. Generally, the society looks at delinquents and street children as a disease that should be toughened by isolation. Despite the lack of conclusive information about street children, legion(predicate) socio-economic indicators show that the phenomenon of street children is growing, especially in large cities. The United Nations fleck on Drugs a nd Crime (UNODC) conducted a Rapid Situation Assessment of street children in the two biggest cities in Egypt Greater Cairo and Alexandria. According to this study, Poverty, family breakdown, and child cry and neglect, seem to be the leading causes of the problem of street children. Eighty pct of the children are exposed to real or constant threat of violence from employers, hostile-abusive community members, and their peers. Ignorant about health, hygiene, and nutrition and deprived of services to comfort them, street children are a malnourished sub-population subsisting on an inadequate diet. Functionally illiterate (70 percent of the sample were school drop-outs, 30 percent had never attended schools in the first place), economic survival means running(a) at the most menial tasks, or worse, begging, or thieving. A rope of efforts have been made to try and estimate the number of street children in Egypt, but it is said that they all lack accuracy and reliability. Sedik (1995 ), based on the records of Al-Amal Village in Cairo, estimated that the number of street children in Egypt, both males and females, is 93,000. Data show that the reasons for the lack of valid and strong information on the magnitude of the problem of street children are because it is hard to carry out surveys on the number of street children because of they dont live in one place. Another reason is because the police records dont keep record except on the children who are caught and sent to the corrective institutions by a court order. Through my research I found out a lot of causes for the street children phenomena. Children run away from their homes in Egypt because of child abuse, sensation seeking, neglect, existence of other brothers and sisters on the street and peer pressure. Children say that they were kicked out of their homes and forced to live in the streets and abused by their family or the people they work for. There are a lot of ways for abuse. Abuse usually takes the form of severe beating and insults for small mistakes. A lot of children choose to live on the streets because they timber they are reposition from any boundaries. A huge number of children said that one of the main reasons for moving to the street life is neglect. It could happen due to the illness of one of the parents, or the presence of a large family, or neglect because of divorce. The existence of other brothers and sisters especially aged(a) ones affect their younger siblings to follow their lead and move to live on the streets if their family is facing the problems that they cant handle. Sometimes they move together and look for one another on the streets. Peer pressure acts as one of the most effective methods to increase the street children phenomena. Children explain that peers help them adjust to the life on the streets during their early days on the streets by providing food, entertainment, shelter and protection. Street children are usually there for each other. T hey help each other cope with the street life by explaining where to live, how to earn cash and what should be done in case a problem happens. Street children usually do work that doesnt require any technical skills but they do marginal jobs that could provide them with money to survive only. Some of the work done by street children according to UN reports include Begging, washing cars or shop windows, selling paper tissues on the streets, working temporarily in shops or factories informally, collecting plastic from wastes to sell to recycling factories, fishing and selling the catch, shining shoes, carrying luggage in the markets for people for money, selling newspapers and last prostitution. Street children usually carry out their work every day, working in a range of 4 to 18 hours a day whether in doing one activity or a number of activities consecutively. They usually earn from 3 to 20 Egyptian pounds per day. Street children are exposed to problems everyday because of the li fe on the street with no elder supervision or protection. One of the problems is violence. Street children could face violence in many ways. For example, violence inside the children groups where older street children abuse younger children violence from the surrounding community which dont approve of their presence, Violence in the environment where employers exploit street children. Violence is often associated with inner abuse which younger street children and street females are exposed to. Another problem that street children face is the community disapproval. Street children are rejected by society. They are not accepted due to their appearance and behavior. People generally tend to drive street children away as a result of maintenance and disgust. A third problem is the police arrests. Street children are always exposed to being arrested by police and returned to their families or committed to correction institutions. This transit does not involve any efforts to change the original reason for escape from homes leading to the escape again to the street and the repetition of the vicious circle. The final problem is substance abuse. Street children are facing a serious problem which is free usage of drugs and substances that lead them to lose consciousness, suffer from continuous disorientation and expenditure all their daily earnings. Absence of good model and refusal of society lead to prevailing frustration of the street children and losing of hope in any good future. presidential term used to completely ignore the problem of street children who represented to the government a source of shame and embarrassment. The reaction was to ignore and hide the problem preferably than face it and try to find solutions to the causes that lead to the spread of this problem. Sometimes the government may use law enforcement forces (police) to gather street children and put them into juvenile correctional institutes where they mingle with criminals and eventually the children escapes back to the streets with criminal background. NGOs, on the other hand, have dealt with the problem in a more consciences way. Programs have been developed and funded to admit the street children to houses and orphanages and try to fit them in the society and enroll them in schools. NGOs have several angles to approach the problem. They use the media to advocate the rights of street children and to promote their fight to protect these children and to treat them as victims rather than criminals who must be locked up. NGOs try to partner with the Government to conduct studies to establish laws to protect the rights of these children. NGOs also have programs that help street children in their own environment which is the streets. NGOs provide food medical care and financial assistance to the street children. NGOs also try to reunite as many street children as possible with their families and provide psychological therapy and social consultations to the children and their families to reach to the bottom of the problem and find a solution to the problems that drive children away from their homes. To conclude, everyone would sustain on the magnitude of the problem of street children. The government and the NGOs have exerted many efforts to face the phenomena of street children but more work is needed if they want to happen upon their target which is eliminating or at least reducing this problem in Egypt. Laws and legislations should be made to protect street children and help them fit in the society. As to the society I think that more awareness campaigns are needed to get people involved in this problem. We interact with the street children everyday but we always unintentially neglect them. Sometimes people treat street children as if they are something disgusting. Other times people treat street children as if they dont exist. Thats the reason why awareness campaigns should take place to explain to people that nearly all these children were forced to live on the streets and they didnt choose this themselves. Every person should feel that they have an obligation towards these children and want to help them and provide them with a better life.Works citedStreet children in Egypt from the home to the street to inappropriate corrective institutions by Iman Bibars- Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, 201-216 (1998) DOI 10.1177/095624789801000108Article EGYPT Street children worst hit by violence, experts say19 Nov 2006 Source IRIN SPAAC (1993), Street Children in Egypt, UNICEF, Cairo. Street Children in Egypt Group Dynamics and Subculture Constituents.by Nashaat HusseinArticle Uncountable Figures Of Street Children Create New Worries By Michaela Singer First Published February 24, 2008, Daily News EGYPTMehdi, Ali. United Nations moorage on Drugs and Crime. 17th of November, 2009 . Sedik, A. Experiences with Street Children in Egypt. Center for Child Rights and Protection, Cairo, 1995.Abu El-Nasr, A., 1992 Abdel Na bi, A., 1994 Sedik, A., 1995 and Koraim, A., 1998.Hussein, N. 1998 Azer, A. The Problem of Child Labor in Egypt, 1996.

Sexual Health Education And Risks Education Essay

versed Health Education And Risks Education EssayBecause everyone agrees that there be too many teenage pregnancies and awakenually transmitted diseases, a new approach to brace and health education is needed. When abstinence scarcely is the only solve of education offered, teenagers are encouraged to regard in common myths and rumors. With a realistic approach to sex and health education in schools, teens testament understand how to prevent STDs, unwanted pregnancy, and HIV infections.Sexual health education should choke a mandatory subject that students in middle and gamey school take as a part of their midpoint curriculum. Most parent acknowledge the fact that their underage children are in need of a sexual health education when they are seniors in high school, but most teens believe that early sexual education is more important because when you learn it at a youthfulnesser age you can become more familiar with the consequences. Comprehensive sexual health educations should inform the students around the facts and help them toward the carriage of practicing prevention, and better understanding (Sex Education Issues and Directives 33-35).During the teen years, little wo custody and men are curious and anxious to know about sex. They may non even know the proper sexual health education the only subject that they know is what they get from the media or what they turn over taked from a friend which is not always a good source to follow. Adolescents that are sexually expeditious get the majority of their advice from their friends who may know little or nothing about sexual health education. Some adolescents call up information about sex in their reading. A lot of readings, still, fall short when it comes to topics that should be in details for a teenager to better grasp. With this lack of knowledge teens always find themselves making the wrong decisions. With well-educated teachers at schools to provide the even off guidance, it may decrea se the rate of teen pregnancy and bowdlerizeion of sexually transmitted diseases at such a young age (Sex Education Issues and Directives 33-35).We often hear a story of a teenager that got pregnant or has a sexually transmitted disease. We even see this in our schools as we walk the halls each day. Every year over 800,000 adolescents become pregnant and about 18.9 million contract a sexually transmitted disease (Weinstock, Berman, and Cates 6). Seventy percent of teenage girls and eighty percent of adolescent males engage in sexual activity during their teenage years. Forty percent of teens in America are sexually active (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 4).Adolescents that are sexually active easily benefit the mistake of acquiring pregnant or catching a disease and, it is something that could have been prevented with the proper guidance. Teenage pregnancy is one of the reasons that female students drop out of school. Once a teen becomes pregnant or catches a disease the rest of her life get out change forever. One out of every ten teenage girls preceding(prenominal) the age of fourteen becomes pregnant, and more than half of all pregnant teenagers leave school at an early stage to take care of their child piece others their age are enjoying their youth years. We are all familiar with the story of a young lady forced to play the role of a amaze and a student, and this is a very hard task. Getting pregnant does not only affect a young girl, but it in like manner affects her partner because he also has to take responsibility. It is important for teens that do get pregnant to be encouraged to stay in school and receive counseling, and health care services. With this form of education the occurrence of second pregnancies will decrease (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 9-11).Young adults are too afraid to talk to their parents about sexual health education, so they end up making decisions of their own. A majority of parents would appreciate sexual health education that schools could offer, and be confident to know that their children are getting the right information on ways to protect themselves and prevent diseases. Even if the students are uncomfortable to ask questions the teacher will cover the material to make convinced(predicate) that the students receive a better understanding. Like all the other subjects that are taught in schools, sexual health education should become just like a regular subject. A person who is well educated on a subject makes mistakes, but is less likely to make common mistakes, for example teens will be more cautious because they are familiar with the consequences. Everyone is always t one-time(a) to go to school to educate themselves for a better future. Math and English are not the only knowledge needed to becoming a better educated a person. We need to learn about our bodies and how to take care of them, because it is something we cannot replace.Most school s, only offer health and abstinence only education. Eighty-six percent of public schools that have adopted the policy of instruct sex education require that abstinence be promoted. Other thirty-five percent only allow abstinence to only be taught as the only option for adolescences. Most other schools have the policy to teach abstinence as the preferred option for teens and allow discussion of contraceptive an effective means of preventing pregnancy and STDs. Most of the schools that have sex education as part of their curriculum only educate the students about abstinence (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First). In an article on MSNBC, Dr. Buzz Pruit states, We didnt see any pixilated indication that theses programs were having an impact in the direction desired (). Referring to Abstinence only education. Abstinence can be defined behaviorally as the act of not lovely in any form of sexual intercourse, or as a commitment to wait until marriage. Abstinence itself is one hundred percent effective as a means of protection against sexually transmitted disease or getting pregnant. However not every young adult is willing to fare abstinence. thus, it is only right to offer classes that teach teens how to proteAct themselves and prevent diseases.Comprehensive sexual health education should not just include a movie that exAplains menstruation, and gentleman reproduction. Schools should educate their children from the biology of reproduction, the psychology of relationships, and the sociology of the family to sexology. The learning should fully cover sexual knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. The instructors of the class should be able to discuss the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the sexual response system. The teacher should also be very open to where the students feel comfortable talking to her one on one. The curriculum itself must be based on effective teaching strategies that relate subject matter to the students interest needs and experiences so that the students are able to attach personal meaning to what is learned (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 47-49).We often hear the stories of the teenager who thought she would not get pregnant the first time she had sexual intercourse because it was her first time or the one about the young boy who though that using a condom would prevent him from catching any sexually transmitted diseases. We have also heard the story about the young teen that was in love and trusted her partner so much that she did not bother to use protection and at the end she undertake a disease that will be with her for the rest of her life. Schools and government officials need to stand up and protect the future generation. Pupils need the proper guide for a better living.Every young student deserves the right of a proper education. When abstinence only is strictly forced, adolescents are left confused. This simply encourages young adults to make car eless mistakes that result in consequences that could have been prevented with a better knowledge. Sexual health education may prevent a fifteen year old boy from becoming a father before graduating from high school it can also reduce the number of young girls with life long sexually Transmitted Disease because they thought that all STDs have visible symptoms. Sexual education must be seen as a preventative measure for young adults.I am sure that if a sexual health education class becomes a part of any school curriculum, the student body will be very appreciative of it. Students will come to class willing to learn and pay attention to the instructor, because it is a topic that many young adults are curious about. By having the classes no teenager would depend on unreliable sources because they have a well educated teacher to teach them about preventions and way to avoid diseases. For instance a research done by Michael Schofild proved that over half of the average students know noth ing about the symptoms of either syph or gonorrhea. Not all Sexually Transmitted Diseases have the same symptoms some have no symptoms at all, and teachers are needed to explain that to the students. Therefore it is very important to educate teenagers about proper sexual health education.

A Comparison of Telling in Knight’s Tale and Miller’s Tale of Chaucers

The Importance of  Telling in cavalrys Tale and moth millers Tale   In the Canterbury Tales, the Knight begins the tale- see to iting. Although straws were picked, and the order left to aventure, or cas, Harry Bailey seems to have pushed fate. The Knight represents the highest caste in the social hierarchy of the fourteenth century, those who rule, those who pray, and those who work. Assuming that the worldly knight would tell the most entertaining and understandable story (that would shorten their pilgrimage to St. Thomas Becket), Harry tells the Knight to begin. The Knights tale of love, loyalty, and battle is placed in the chivalric bray genre. The courtly romance concerns the mythical kingdom of Theseus, wealthy rulers, and pagan (mythical) gods. Throughout the tale, the Knight and the other characters refer to the concept of the wheel of fortune. In the beginning of the tale, weeping, downhearted women plead to Theseus to help them avenge their husbands. Although i mpoverished, they tell Theseus that they were all at one point wealthy and of high rank. Even though Theseus is glorified and powerful now, the goddess testament spin the wheel of fortune and he will one day be low. The concept of destiny and the wheel of fortune represents the Knights withdrawance of an incomprehensible world. His comprehension of the mythical gods, Mars, Venus, Mercury, and Diana furthers this idea. Emily, Arcite, and Palamon each pray to a diety, asking for help and their unattainable wish. In the end, father Saturn decrees Arcites death. Thus, paradoxical human emotions and senseless tragedy are safely distanced they are attributed to the will of the pagan gods. Similarly the love triangle between Arcite, Palamon, and Emily stresses tha... ...night, the Millers characters are not moral or honorable they simply want to enliven themselves. While the Knights story ends with an honorable death and a union between lovers, the Millers tale ends with humiliation t he cuckholded husband is branded insane, Absolom suffered and prank, and Nicolas a painful burn. Consequently the Miller mocks the Knights prayer. He wishes the company well, but the content of his tale expresses his laughter. In a way he paid back the Knights tale. The Miller tells his tale momentarily to beguile and and embarrass (the Reeve and his own cameo appearance), while the Knight tells a story strong on sentence or meaning. The two different motives reveal the total differences between the two men the noble Knight can still believe in a higher beautiful world, while the Miller cannot accept it ever existed.    

Contemporary Dance Assesment :: essays research papers

Our year 11 contemporary dance assessment for semester 1 consisted of dance object lessons taught by Rachel. Due to a dance injury I sustained 14 weeks ago I was unable to participate in the assessment but, instead was asked to asses my peers and salvage corrections and strengths they demonstrated throughout the class.In this class I really feel, as a group, they lacked an effective dance vocabulary. In answer to the question What do you feel you need to work on in this exercise? there was only really the basic terminology used, basic things said that did not instal a very thorough grasp on dance language. I feel that the use and understanding of communication in verbal modes was poor and at a low standard. For this age they should be able to effectively converse appropriate dance vocabulary. Although that said, this conclusion is targeted at the group as a on the whole there were certain individuals who came up with some valuable answers. In this task I feel that the demonstrat ion of appropriate dance technique to the contemporary literary genre was at a satisfactory standard. The correct contemporary technique was evident in a number of students, while others, I feel require to a greater extent effort. The group, in general lacked physical competencies. Strength and flexibility was not a strong highlight, although they did demonstrate good coordination skills. The drop swings exercise proved to be their strongest asset. The Grande Battement exercise required work, turn out and alignment seemed to be, overall the thing that most people had difficulties in mastering. The identification and application of correct posture and alignment was evident, more often than not throughout the class. In general I feel that my peers have improved over the weeks but still demands a lot more work in order to strengthen their technique.Presenting dance sequences, I feel was a positive feature in the contemporary assessment to some extent. My beau peers, generally had a thorough grasp on all exercises demonstrated. They understood and carried out dance combinations with great awareness to what they were doing. This said I feel that although my peers have a go at it and can demonstrate the exercises, they have no real approach or presentation to their work. Style has a great impact on dance. The way a dancer approaches an exercise or dance piece can change ones technique, body stance and physical ability. Julie and Stephanie showed a great pomposity of this in all exercises, but particularly the jump exercise.